Nakatomi (clan)

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The Nakatomi ( Japanese 中 臣 氏 , Nakatomi-uji ) were an ancient family derived from Ame no Koyane no mikoto (天 児 屋 命), a loyal servant of the sun goddess Amaterasu . The Fujiwara descended from them.

The Nakatomi were responsible for the religious rites at the imperial court. a. the biannual great cleansing ritual Nakatomi no harae ( 中 臣 祓 ). Their name, which means something like "court official / nobleman of the middle", is supposed to refer to the fact that the clan mediated between humans and kami (gods). In 684 the family received the second highest rank asomi . The Nakatomi held the post of President or Deputy President of the Jingikan (office of gods), the latter also being head of the Ise Shrine at the beginning of the Heian period (i.e. late 8th / early 9th century) . At that time, a large part of the family called themselves Ōnakatomi ( 大中 臣 氏 , "Great Nakatomi").

During the Heian period they lost influence on the Urabe who originally served them . Another rival was the Inbe clan, who was also responsible for religious services at court, but was ousted by the Nakatomi during the Heian period, which prompted Inbe no Hironari to write the historical work Kogo Shūi , which describes the conflict between the two clans.

genealogy

  • Kamako ( 鎌 子 ) was a minister under Emperor Kimmei and a great opponent of Buddhism when it came to Japan around 552. So he was also an opponent of the Soga , which advocated the new religion.
  • Katsumi ( 勝 海 ; † 587), Kamako's son, allied with Monobe no Moriya ( 物 部 守 屋 ; † 587) to prevent the introduction of Buddhism. After the death of Emperor Yomei there was a dispute over his successor. The Soga triumphed in the Battle of Mount Shigisan (信 貴 山) in Yamato Province , killing Katsumi and Moriya.
  • Tokiwa no ōmuraji ( 常 磐 大連 ), son of Kuroda ( 黒 田 ) and possibly grandson of Kamako, received the title ( kabane ) Nakatomi from Kimmei after the Shinsen Shizoku Honkeichō from the year 906 , whereby he founded the family name. His grandchildren Nukateko ( 糠 手 子 ), Kuniko ( 国 子 ) and Mikeko ( 御 食 子 ) founded the three main lines ( 門 , mon ) of the Nakatomi.
  • Kamatari (鎌 足 ; 614–669), Mikeko's son, succeeded in wiping out the Soga in 645. Shortly before his death, he receivedthe family name Fujiwara for himself and his descendantsfrom Emperor Tenchi .
  • Omimaro ( 意 美 麻 呂 ; † 711) was a Kunikos grandson. Although he had adopted the name Fujiwara, Emperor Mommu laid down in 698 that only the direct line of Kamatari would continue to be allowed to call themselves Fujiwara, whereby he again took the family name Nakatomi. He was appointed head of the Ise shrines and was responsible for all matters relating to the Shinto . His son Kiyomaro founded the Ōnakatomi family.

literature

  • Edmond Papinot: Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan. Reprint of the 1910 edition. Tuttle, 1972, ISBN 0-8048-0996-8 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ This began a political upheaval that went down in history as the Isshi incident and led to the Taika reform . Isshi ( 乙巳 ) stands for the year 645 in the 60-year cycle .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Shimazu Norifumi: Nakatominoharae. In: Encyclopedia of Shinto . Kokugakuin University , accessed August 23, 2016 .
  2. ↑ a b c d 中 臣 氏 . In: 日本 大 百科全書 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved August 23, 2016 (Japanese).
  3. ↑ a b c Fujimori Kaoru:  "Jingi shizoku" . In: Encyclopedia of Shinto. Kokugaku-in , February 28, 2007 (English)