Nakkaş Osman

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The scholars Şemseddin Ahmet Karabaği, Lokman, the scribe Ilyas Katib and the painters Nakkaş Osman and Ali advise on the creation of the "Şāh-nāme-i Selim han". TSMK A. 3595, fo. 9r

Nakkaş Osman ( Ottoman نقاش عثمان İA Naḳḳāş ʿOs̠mān , German 'writer Osman' ) is an Ottoman miniature painter whose work can be traced back to Istanbul between 1560 and 1592 . He was the head of the miniature studio ( naḳḳāş-ḫāne 'scriptorium') at the Ottoman court and had a decisive influence on the painting of his time.

Life

Little is known about the life of Nakkaş Osman. He led in the second half of the 16th century, during the reigns of Selim II (1566–1574) and Murad III. (1574–1595), the court studio (naḳḳāş-ḫāne) . His name is mentioned for the first time in the wages register of the court artists ( ehl-i ḥiref , community of talent ”) from September 1566.

Portrait of Selim I from the Şemāʾil-nāme by Nakkaş Osman
Istanbul, TSMK , Hazine, no.1562

Osman worked closely with Seyyid Lokman Çelebi, the official court historian (şehnāmeci) of the Sultan, on the image program of the large illuminated manuscripts that were created at the time. His painting style is unmistakable because of his realistic depiction of place and scenery and his masterful composition, which overcame the older, often overloaded Persian design. The faces of historical people portrayed by him can often be recognized in his miniatures. Osman's cityscapes follow the tradition of nautical maps and the representation of cities as introduced by Matrakçı Nasuh .

Works (selection)

Osman did not sign his works. Due to stylistic peculiarities, certain works can be attributed to him or his workshop. Several works have been preserved from the collaboration with Seyyid Lokman:

  • Ẓafer-nāme (' Book of Victory '; also Tārīḫ-i Sulṭān Suleyman 'History of Sultan Suleyman [I.]'), a description of the last years of Suleyman I's reign , 1579. Dublin, Chester Beatty Library , No. T 413
  • Şeh-nāme-i Selīm ḫān ('Book of Kings of Selim [II.] Han'), 44 miniatures, completed in January 1581. Istanbul, TSMK, III. Ahmed, no.3595
  • Sūr-nāme-ʾi hümāyūn of Murad III., Around 1582. Istanbul, TSMK, Hazine, no.1344
  • Zübdetü t-tevārīḫ ('The Selection of Stories'), a book on Ottoman history, Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art , No. 1973
  • Hüner-nāme ('Virtue Book'), 2 volumes, around 1584–1589. Istanbul, TSMK, Hazine, No. 1523, 1524
  • Şehin-şāh-nāme ('Book of the King of Kings'), Volume 2, around 1592, completed around 1595–1597. Istanbul, TSMK, Bağdat Köşkü, No. 200

For the works that dealt with earlier Ottoman history, Lokman and Osman conducted research into the clothing and appearance of the earlier sultans. They presented the result in 1579 in an illuminated manuscript, the Şemāʾil-nāme-i āl-i ʿOs̠mān ('Personal description book of the Ottoman dynasty'; also Ḳıyāfetü l-İnsānīye fī Şemāʾili l-ʿOsmānīye ' Osmanische Personal Description ' der Osmanischen Personal Description 'der Osmanischen Personal Description' der Osmanische Personalbeschreibung bei der Osmanische Personalbeschreibung bei der Osmanische Personalbeschreibung. The book was frequently copied and widely distributed.

Modern literature

Nakkaş Osman and his work Surname-i Hümayun play an important role in the novel Rot is my name by the modern Turkish writer Orhan Pamuk .

See also

literature

  • S. Bağci: “ From Translated Word to Translated Image: The Illustrated Şehnâme-i Türkî Copies. " Muqarnas , xvii (2000), pp. 162-76 ( JSTOR 1523296 , accessed December 7, 2015)

Web links

Portal: Turkey  - Overview of Wikipedia content on Turkey
Portal: Islam  - Overview of Wikipedia content on Islam
Commons : Nakkaş Osman  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Serpi̇l Bağci̇: From Translated Word to Translated Image: The Illustrated Şehnâme-i̇ Türkî Copies (in Later Responses to Paintings and Books) . In: Muqarnas . 17, 2000, ISSN  0732-2992 , pp. 162-176. doi : 10.1163 / 22118993-90000012 .
  2. ↑ a b c Gabór Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters: Encyclopedia of the Ottomane Empire: Illustrated manuscripts and miniature painting . Facts on File, New York 2009, ISBN 978-0-8160-6259-1 , pp. 268-269 . - online: psi424.cankaya.edu.tr (PDF), accessed December 7, 2015
  3. ↑ Emine Fetvacı: Picturing History at the Ottoman Court , Indiana University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-253-00678-3 , pp. 132-137 ( books.google.de )
  4. ↑ Orhan Pamuk: My name is red . 15th edition. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 978-3-596-15660-3 .
personal data
SURNAME Osman, Nakkaş
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ottoman miniature painter
DATE OF BIRTH before 1566
DATE OF DEATH after 1592