Natalja Nikolajewna Pushkina-Lanskaya

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Natalja Lanskaja, portrayed by Ivan Makarov
Natalja Pushkina (1831)
Alexander Pushkin (1836)

Natalia Pushkina ( Russian Наталия Николаевна Пушкина-Ланская ., Scientific transliteration Natalija Nikolaevna Puškina-Lanskaja , born Goncharova ( Гончарова born August 27) jul. / 8. September  1812 greg. , † November 26 jul. / December 8,  1863 greg. ) Was the wife of the Russian poet Alexander Pushkin .

Family and marriage

Natalja Goncharova came from a family of formerly wealthy textile and paper manufacturers; her grandfather was ennobled by Catherine II . She had five siblings: three brothers and the older sisters Alexandrina and Katharina.

At a ball, the sixteen-year-old met Alexander Pushkin (1799–1837), thirteen years her senior . The then famous poet came from an old noble family , but his dissolute bachelor life, his lack of wealth as well as his critical attitude to the government and his years in exile made Natalja's mother hesitate to agree to his marriage proposal. Finally she gave up her resistance and on February 18th, July. / March 2, 1831 greg. the wedding took place. Alexander Pushkin dedicated several poems to his wife; The sonnet Madonna was written during the engagement period (1830).

marriage

The couple settled first in Tsarskoye Selo and later in Saint Petersburg . In 1832 daughter Maria was born, who was followed by three more children: son Alexander (* 1833), Grigori (* 1835) and Natalja (* 1836).

Natalja Pushkina was a welcome guest in the salons of the Petersburg Society and also frequented court circles after her husband had been appointed chamberlain. The latter commented: “The court wanted Natalya Nikolaevna to dance in Anitschkow .” The family was plagued by constant financial worries and Pushkin incurred large debts to finance the lavish lifestyle. In the poem s'is time, my dear, that the heart will soon find rest (1834), his desire to escape social life is expressed. In contrast to his wife, he longed for a simple and, above all, cheaper life in the country.

Pushkin's duel

Natalja Pushkina's sister Katharina Goncharova married the French Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès , a bodyguard officer of the Tsarina Charlotte of Prussia . D'Anthès courted Natalja before his wedding, but also afterwards in a way that caused a sensation in St. Petersburg society. Soon, anonymous letters and rumors were circulating that cast doubt on her marital fidelity. It came to a duel between d'Anthès and his brother-in-law Alexander Pushkin. The poet was fatally wounded and died two days later on January 29th July. / February 10, 1837 greg. .

Widowhood and second marriage

Natalja Nikolajewna Puschkina-Lanskaja (after 1860)

Natalja Pushkina was made responsible for the death of her husband; the dying Alexander Pushkin had foreseen this: “the world will attack her.” For the next few years she lived with her children in seclusion on her parents' estate in Polotnjany Sawod near Kaluga . The enormous debts were paid by the Tsar . Nicholas I also granted the widow a pension , took care of the upbringing of the four children and secured the financing of a complete edition of Pushkin's works, the proceeds of which also benefited the widow. Back in Saint Petersburg, she married Pyotr Petrovich Lanskoi (1799–1877) in 1844 and gave birth to two more children. She died in 1863 at the age of 51.

See also

literature

  • Rolf-Dietrich Keil: Alexander Pushkin. A poet's life . Insel Verlag, Frankfurt am Main and Leipzig 2001, ISBN 3-458-34482-9 .
  • Friedrich Bodenstedt: Alexander Puschkin's poetic works . Third volume. Publisher of Decker's Secret Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, Berlin 1855.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rolf-Dietrich Keil: Alexander Puschkin. A poet's life . 2001, p. 384 .
  2. ^ Friedrich Bodenstedt: Alexander Pushkin's poetic works . 1855, p. 241 ( Google Books PDF 6.08MB [accessed October 16, 2010]).
  3. ^ Rolf-Dietrich Keil: Alexander Puschkin. A poet's life . 2001, p. 448 .

Web links

Commons : Natalja Puschkina-Lanskaja  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
  • Friedrich Bodenstedt: Alexander Puschkin's poetic works . Third volume. Berlin 1855 ( Google Books PDF 6.08MB [accessed October 26, 2010]).
  • Natalja Nikolajewna Puschkina-Lanskaja (Russian: Наталия Николаевна Пушкина-Ланская) . ( peoples.ru (Russian) [accessed October 26, 2010]).
  • Biography , Obschtschestvo nekropolistow (Russian)
personal data
SURNAME Pushkina-Lanskaja, Natalja Nikolajewna
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Wife of the Russian poet Alexander Pushkin
DATE OF BIRTH September 8, 1812
DATE OF DEATH December 8, 1863