Nathanael Weil

Rabbi Nataniel Weil in Karlsruhe, mid-18th century

Jakob Nathanael ben Naftali Zvi Weil ( Hebrew יעקב נתנאל בן נפתלי צבי וייל, also Netanel Weil or Nathaniel Weil , 1687 in Stühlingen - May 7, 1769 in Rastatt ) was chief rabbi in the margraviate of Baden and a Talmudic scholar . He is also called Korban Netanel after the title of his often printed commentary on the Talmud that appeared in 1755.

family

Nathanael Weil, son of Naphtali Hirsch Weil (d. 1692) and thus descendant of the Mahariv , grew up in Stühlingen in a wealthy and learned Jewish family. When he was five years old, his father Hirsch Weil and his brother were murdered. When he was ten, his mother sent him to the yeshiva (Talmud college) in Fürth , a center of rabbinical studies in southern Germany.

education

As a teenager, Nathanael Weil came into the care of his uncle Lippmann Weil in Prague and became a pupil of the head of the yeshiva there, Rabbi Abraham Brod , whose niece Feigele he married in 1708. Weil followed his teacher to Metz and Frankfurt am Main . After Brod's death he returned to Prague in 1717 and lived modestly as a private scholar .

Rabbinate

Due to the expulsion of the Jews from Prague in 1745, Nathanael Weil accepted the post of regional rabbi in the Black Forest ; he lived in Mühringen near Horb until 1750 when he was appointed chief rabbi for the margraviate of Baden-Baden and the margraviate of Baden-Durlach in Karlsruhe .

Title page by Korban Netana'el , Karlsruhe 1755

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Most influential are Weil's studies on text variants of the Talmudic commentary by Ascher ben Jechiel , published in Karlsruhe in 1755 under the title Korban Netanel ( Hebrew קרבן נתנאל, "Nathanael's Sacrifice") appeared. Further texts appeared posthumously :

• Netib Ḥayyim (Fürth, 1779), with explanations on Shulchan Aruch and Oracḥ Ḥayyim and their comments, Ṭure Zahab and Magen Abraham ;
• Torat Netan'el (Fürth, 1795), in two parts, with a collection of his responses and halachic interpretations of the Pentateuch .

Rav Nathaniel is buried in the Jewish cemetery on Kriegsstrasse in Karlsruhe. His son Tia Weil followed him in 1780 in the office of the Baden Oberland Rabbi.

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  Grave of Rabbi Nataniel Weill, 2013

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  Back of the headstone of Rabbi Nathanael Weil, 2013

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  Pilgrimage to the grave of Rabbi Nathaniel Weil

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  Pilgrimage to the grave of Rabbi Nathaniel Weil

literature

• Leopold Löwenstein : Nethanel Weil: Oberland rabbi in Karlsruhe and his family . In: Contributions to the history of the Jews in Germany , Vol. 2, Frankfurt a. M. 1898.
• Berthold Rosenthal : Homeland history of the Baden Jews from their historical appearance to the present , Bühl 1927 (Reprint: Magstadt bei Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-7644-0092-7 ), pp. 175, 221–223.
• F. Schajowitz: Chief rabbi Nathaniel Weil - Karlsruhe in the Eastern Jewish period . In: Israelite community newsletter, Issue B . Volume 14, No. 20, October 28, 1936, pp. 2–3.
• Carsten Wilke : Nathanael Weil . In: Jüdisches Leben in Baden 1809 to 2009. 200 years of the Oberrat der Israeliten Baden , Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 978-3-7995-0827-8 , p. 223.

Web links

Commons : Nathanael Weil  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Chiddushim . Hebrew manuscript, digitized UB Frankfurt