Sodium perborate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Sodium borate tetrahydrate
other names	Disodium tetrahydroxidodi-µ-peroxidodiborate hexahydrate ( IUPAC ); Sodium peroxoborate trihydrate;
Molecular formula	Na 2 B 2 (O 2 ) 2 (OH) 4 · 6 H 2 O
Brief description	white, odorless solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	239-172-9
ECHA InfoCard	100,035,597
PubChem	5460514
Wikidata	Q415507
Drug information
ATC code	A01 AB19
properties
Molar mass	153.81 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	1.731 g cm −3
Melting point	65 ° C; Decomposition from 60 ° C ;
solubility	23 g l −1 in water at 20 ° C) (decomposition begins at the same time)
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
H and P phrases	H: 360Df-335-318
	P: 201-202-261-271-280
Authorization procedure under REACH	of particular concern : toxic for reproduction ( CMR ); subject to approval
Toxicological data	1200 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral ) ; 3250 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , oral , monohydrate) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Sodium perborate is often called sodium borate tetrahydrate and given as the formula NaBO ₃ · 4 H ₂ O. In the solid state, however, there are no sodium boroxides with water of crystallization, but ring-shaped peroxoborates, with the formula Na ₂ B ₂ (O ₂ ) ₂ (OH) ₄ · 6 H ₂ O.

Extraction and presentation

Sodium perborate is produced in a two-step process starting from borax and sodium hydroxide :

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {Na2B4O7.10H2O + 2NaOH + 4H2O2 + H2O ->}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {2Na2B2 (O2) 2 (OH) 4.6H2O}}}

properties

Sodium perborate is a white, odorless, crystalline powder that dissolves only moderately in water. An alkaline aqueous solution gives off oxygen only slowly at room temperature. The evolution of oxygen accelerates at higher temperatures. Like all compounds with peroxo groups (see peroxides , perborates ), sodium perborate is also a strong oxidizing agent and very easily releases oxygen .

use

Sodium perborate is used as a bleach in many laundry detergents . In water it breaks down to form hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydrogen borate, with the hydrogen peroxide contributing to the oxidation of dyes. In this role it is being replaced more and more by sodium percarbonate , since the sodium hydrogen borate remaining in the washing liquor is poorly filtered out in sewage treatment plants and can thus get into water. It is also used in dishwashing detergents , cleaning agents , mouth disinfectants , denture cleaners , foot bath preparations and stain removers. It is also used to bleach textiles, straw , ivory , soaps , wax and sponges. Another application is the bleaching of teeth. Vat and sulfur dyes can be post-oxidized with the compound.

In 1904, a synthesis process for sodium perborate was developed independently of one another by George François Jaubert and Otto Liebknecht ( Karl Liebknecht's brother ). 1907 came sodium as a component of Persil ( Per borate Sil ikat) on the market.

In a form stabilized by organophosphorus compounds, sodium perborate is used as a preservative in ophthalmic preparations.

safety instructions

Sodium perborate is considered to be teratogenic .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Sodium perborate data sheet from Acros, accessed on February 21, 2010.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Entry on sodium peroxoborate. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on April 16, 2019.

^ ^A ^b Franz v Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe: Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice: Volume 5: Substances LZ . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-58388-9 ( books.google.com ).

↑ ^a ^b Sodium perborate tetrahydrate data sheet from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on July 7, 2019 ( PDF ).

↑ Narayan S. Hosmane: Boron Science: New Technologies and Applications . CRC Press, 2016, ISBN 978-1-4398-2663-8 , pp. 422 ( books.google.de ).

↑ ^a ^b Entry on sodium perborate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .

↑ Entry on Sodium perborate in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

↑ Entry in the SVHC list of the European Chemicals Agency , accessed on February 13, 2020.

↑ Entry in the register of substances subject to authorization of the European Chemicals Agency , accessed on February 13, 2020.

↑ Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 810.

↑ Entry on GenAqua ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )

[acros-1] Sodium perborate data sheet from Acros, accessed on February 21, 2010.

[Roempp-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Entry on sodium peroxoborate. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on April 16, 2019.

[Hager-3] A ^b Franz v Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe: Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice: Volume 5: Substances LZ . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-58388-9 ( books.google.com ).