Naukratis stele
| Neith in hieroglyphics | |
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The Naukratis stele contains the decree issued by the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Nektanebos I in favor of the Sais temple of the goddess Neith , who was venerated by Nectanebos I as " mistress of the sea " and was named accordingly as the recipient of the taxes in line 12 of the Naukratis stele. The stele was discovered in 1899 in the village of Kum Gaief, the ancient Naukratis , and brought to the Musée de Gizéh at the instigation of Sultan Hussein Kamil . Today it is in the archives of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo and was shown in 2002 in the exhibition "Hidden Treasures of the Egyptian Museum on the 100th anniversary of the museum.
background
Sais was the center of the Greek- Egyptian trade. At the beginning of the 26th dynasty , Psammetich I had elevated Sais to the capital of the fourth and fifth Neith district after the suppression of the Assyrian rule . Herodotus reported that the rulers of the 26th Dynasty were buried in the Temple of Neith. Nectanebo I came from the town of Sebennytos , which was in the immediate vicinity of Sais.
The Naukratis stele regulated the taxes of the cities of Naukratis and Herakleion . In 2001 the archaeologist Franck Goddio was able to find the counterpart of the stele in Herakleion. Like the Naukratis stele, it is made of black granite and has exactly the same dimensions with a height of 1.95 m, width of 0.88 m and depth of 0.34 m.
content
The decree was passed by Nectanebo I in his first year of reign on 13th Schemu IV and 13th Mesori in 379 BC. (380 BC according to Beckerath ).
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“His Majesty (Nectanebos) came to the palace of Sais and he entered the temple of Neith. He raised the red crown (in the temple) next to his mother (Neith) ... Then his majesty said: Let the tenth part be given of gold and silver, of wood and processed wood, and of all goods that were made by the Wadj-Wer ( Mediterranean ) the Hau-nebut come and belong to the royal domain called Henet ; likewise the tenth part of everything that is brought to the house of the port, called Per-meru / Pa-meru (Niut-keret), since it (the house of the port) is also part of the royal domain; all of these things are to be given to Neith for all eternity. In addition, the daily offerings for my mother Neith include part of an ox, a fat goose and five measures of wine, because she is the mistress of the sea. "
literature
- Adolf Erman , Ulrich Wilcken : The naukratis stele . In: Journal for Egyptian Language and Antiquity. (ZÄS) No. 38, 1900, pp. 127-135.
- Christian Leitz u. a .: LGG Vol. 4 (= Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta 113 ). Peeters, Leuven 2002, ISBN 90-429-1149-2 , pp. 37-38.
- Alan B. Lloyd: Herodotus, Book II. Commentary 1-98 . Brill, Leiden 1994, ISBN 90-04-04182-6 .
- Anne-Sophie von Bomhard: The Decree of Saïs. Underwater Archeology in the Canopic Region in Egypt. (= Oxford Center for Maritime Archeology. (OCMA) Monograph 7) Oxford 2013, ISBN 978-1-905905-23-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ David George Hogarth , Naukratis, 1903 in The Journal of Hellenic Studies , Volume XXV. (1905) [1]
- ↑ Gaston Maspero , Une Stèle de Nectanébo II in Études de mythologie et d'archéologie égyptiennes, Volume VII, Paris 1913 [2]
- ↑ Herodotus, II, 169.
- ^ Franck Goddio, Manfred Clauss , Egypt's sunken cities (exhibition catalog) p. 319
- ↑ a b The date corresponds to October 21 in the Julian calendar .
- ↑ Jürgen von Beckerath : Chronology of the Pharaonic Egypt. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1997, p. 84.
- ^ Alan B. Lloyd: Herodotus, Book II. Commentary 1-98 . P. 28.