Neckarzimmern

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Neckarzimmern
Neckarzimmern
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Neckarzimmern highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 19 '  N , 9 ° 8'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Karlsruhe
County : Neckar-Odenwald district
Height : 160 m above sea level NHN
Area : 8.18 km 2
Residents: 1512 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 185 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 74865
Area code : 06261
License plate : MOS, BCH
Community key : 08 2 25 067
LOCODE : DE NZE
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Hauptstrasse 4
74865 Neckarzimmern
Website : www.neckarzimmern.de
Mayor : Christian Stuber (independent)
Location of the municipality of Neckarzimmern in the Neckar-Odenwald district
Hessen Bayern Hohenlohekreis Landkreis Heilbronn Main-Tauber-Kreis Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Adelsheim Aglasterhausen Billigheim Binau Buchen (Odenwald) Elztal (Odenwald) Fahrenbach Hardheim Haßmersheim Höpfingen Hüffenhardt Limbach (Baden) Mosbach Mudau Neckargerach Neckarzimmern Neunkirchen (Baden) Obrigheim (Baden) Osterburken Ravenstein Rosenberg (Baden) Schefflenz Schwarzach (Odenwald) Seckach Waldbrunn (Odenwald) Walldürn Zwingenberg (Baden)map
About this picture
Neckarzimmern with lock

Neckarzimmern is the Neckar-Odenwald belonging municipality in Baden-Wuerttemberg ( North Baden ). It is part of the European metropolitan region of Rhine-Neckar (until May 20, 2003 the Lower Neckar region and until December 31, 2005 the Rhine-Neckar-Odenwald region ).

geography

location

Neckarzimmern is located in the Neckar Valley on the Burgenstrasse between Heidelberg and Heilbronn at an altitude of 138 to 347 meters. The municipality is mainly located along the Neckar in the Neckartal-Odenwald Nature Park . To the north it stretches up the right bank slope. In the valley floor, the B 27 between Gundelsheim and Neckarelz and a little above on a dam, the Heilbronn-Heidelberg railway line cuts the district in an east-west direction.

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are Mosbach , Billigheim , Gundelsheim and Haßmersheim .

Community structure

The municipality of Neckarzimmern includes the village of Neckarzimmern, the hamlets of Steinbach and Stockbronn, the village of Luttenbachtal, Hornberg Castle ruins and Hornberg Castle and the houses Haus Hubert, Fanhaus, Evang. Youth home, Steige and Vorm. New building office.

history

Meaning of the name Neckarzimmern

The original name "Cimbren" is derived from the "zimmer" male construction of the historic apartment building on Forststraße, but is often mistakenly associated with the Cimbri people . There are supposed to have been stately non-peasant wooden buildings near church or dynastic stone buildings. According to Jänischen, these were fortifications from the Merovingian era before 650, which were created by the royal property administration. The former Franconian royal estates in the immediate vicinity of Neckarzimmern emphasize this.

Early traces of settlement

The earliest traces of settlement point to the Neolithic from around 3000 before the turn of the era and are proven by archaeological finds. A stone ax was found in the Neckar in 1933 (Landesmuseum Karlsruhe). During the construction of the Neckarzimmer barrage in 1935, a ceramic ploughshare was found, which is now in the Mosbach local history museum . A lance tip found in 1933 (Heimatmuseum Mosbach) dates from the Bronze Age from around 1800 before the turn of the era.

Celts and Romans

A Celtic grave in a brick vault, which was found in 1829 while working in the vineyard, just below Hornberg Castle, dates back to the Latène period around 400 before the turn of the era . It contained the remains of several people as well as jewelry.

In the area of ​​the "Untere Au" and the Stockbronner Hof , which belongs to Hornberg Castle , about 800 meters from the former Limes (Mümling line), two Roman Villae Rusticae were excavated, examined and filled in again in 1893 . The room layout was partly clearly recognizable and a large number of objects (coins, fibulae, nails, knives, fittings, etc.) from Roman times were found. A striking number of fragments from partly large ceramic vessels allow a connection with the presumed early viticulture in Neckzimmer and enable dating to the 2nd century. There are also reports of a third, as yet unexplored, Villa Rustica near the above-mentioned Celtic grave and of unspecified Roman buildings on the area of ​​Hornberg Castle, for which, however, there is no archaeological evidence to this day.

The time until the first mention

Unfortunately, not much is tangible here. The reference from the place name Cimbri points to fortifications in the Merovingian period. The legend of Notburga , according to which King Dagobert I resided at Castle Hornberg around 632/633 and led war and peace negotiations with Wendenkönig Samo , may also fit this . Cimbren is first mentioned in a deed of donation from the Lorsch Monastery in 773 in the Lorsch Codex . Neckarzimmern belonged to the Wingarteiba Gau , which suggests that viticulture may have been continued with little or no interruption since Roman times. This is supported by the fact that the monasteries promoted viticulture very early and the former Billigheim monastery appeared as a co-owner of the Neckarzimmern vineyards.

Castle and manor

The Lords of Hornberg are mentioned for the first time in 1123 and Hornberg Castle , with which Neckarzimmern was long connected by the manorial rule, in 1184 . Between 1260 and 1464, Hornberg Castle had around two dozen owners, including the Lords of Ehrenberg and the Lords of Helmstatt . In 1464 Lutz Schott von Schottenstein bought the castle, but shortly afterwards lost it to the Count Palatine . His son, the notorious robber baron Conz Schott von Schottenstein , was able to recapture it in 1504, expanded it vigorously and sold it to his companion Götz von Berlichingen , who has called himself von Berlichingen zu Hornberg since then and founded a new line of the von Berlichingen family. Because of the labor of the Neckar carpenters for the landlords to expand the castle and to maintain the vineyard walls, there were repeated quarrels. There were riots several times, court calls, and a written appeal for help to the emperor in this matter has been handed down. Götzen's sons continued the expansion and renovation of the castle, as did his grandchildren, who, however, sold the castle to Hans Heinrich von Heußenstamm in 1594 because of financial problems and the trouble with the Neckar carpenters because of the forced labor . He then sold it in 1612 to Reinhard von Gemmingen, the scholar . The Hornberg tribe of the barons of Gemmingen remained in possession of the castle to this day.

During the Thirty Years War the place and the castle were plundered and devastated several times by the imperial. In 1635 the plague raged in Neckarzimmern.

Modern times

In his Moral Topography from 1807/08, medical officer Dr. Gruber the high proportion of madmen and deformed among the population: It is strange that there are so many Dappen, madmen and the like. Deformed ones can be found. The Lutheran Gemingic place Zimmer stands out in particular. You can tell from the phisiognomy of those newly born children that they will dap ... Here the race is not good. One can assume that in the [every] 5t. House is a Dapp or a cripple, to which the crooked are not counted. The common widespread goiters were encountered until the 20th century with the administration of iodine pills in schools in the area.

In 1879 it was connected to the rail network. In 1939 there were 624 inhabitants, at the end of 1945 there were 650.

There has been a gypsum tunnel in Neckarzimmern since the early 19th century , the gypsum of which was mined particularly intensively during the First World War (up to 500 railway wagons a day), since the sulfur, which is important for war ammunition production, was extracted from the gypsum in the neighboring Reichsschwefelwerk in Haßmersheim . The old Steinbacher mill was temporarily a turbine plant for generating electricity for gypsum processing. During the Second World War , the ball bearing production in Schweinfurt was outsourced to the gypsum tunnel and the Bundeswehr has been using it since 1958 .

Religions

Neckarzimmern has been evangelical since the Reformation was carried out in the 16th century . It was only after the refugees who moved there after the Second World War that the proportion of Catholics rose to around 38% today. So today there is a Roman Catholic congregation in addition to the Protestant one .

There was a small Jewish community there for a long time . A prayer room ( synagogue ) was already housed in a house rented by the landlords in the 18th century. In 1873 a new one-story building with a ritual bath was built on its foundation walls. On November 10, 1938 , the building was largely destroyed and finally set on fire. During the persecution of Jews during the Nazi era , at least twelve of the 29 Jewish people who lived in Neckarzimmern in 1933 were killed.

politics

Administrative community

There is the agreed administrative community Mosbach of the large district town of Mosbach with the communities Elztal, Neckarzimmern and Obrigheim.

Municipal council

The municipality council has 10 honorary members who are elected for five years. In addition, the mayor acts as the municipal council chairman with voting rights.

The 2019 local elections led to the following result (in brackets: difference to 2014):

Municipal Council 2019
Party / list Share of votes Seats
Citizens list Neckarzimmern 1 54.8% (+54.8) 5 (+5)
Neckarzimmern citizens list 2 45.2% (+45.2) 5 (+5)
Turnout: 57.8% (+5.3)

mayor

In February 2014 Christian Stuber was re-elected with 98.6% of the vote.

coat of arms

In black a golden (yellow) griffin turned to the left, holding a five-spoke silver (white) wheel with his front paws. The coat of arms has been documented in the seals of the community since the 19th century and is likely to allude with the griffin on the shield holder of the Baden coat of arms and with the five-spoke wheel on the Berliching coat of arms.

Economy and Infrastructure

The Bundeswehr operates a depot for the army and air force under the Hornberg. (See also Gipsstollen (Neckarzimmern) ). The Burg Hornberg winery is the oldest in Baden-Württemberg. Neckarzimmern is now part of the Württemberg cultivation area ; it used to be part of Baden .

traffic

The road connection from Neckarzimmern takes place via the federal highway 27 leading between Neckarelz and Stuttgart through the Neckar valley and through the town . The Neckar Valley Railway ( Heidelberg - Bad Friedrichshall ) connects Neckarzimmern to the rail network with a local stop. The S41 trams run to Mosbach and Heilbronn every hour.

Educational institutions

Neckarzimmern has a Protestant kindergarten , the primary school was closed in 2018.

Leisure and sports facilities

  • Campsite "Cimbria"
  • Hiking and educational trail along the vineyards to Hornberg Castle
  • Hiking circular route "Cultural landscape in the course of the centuries" between Neckarzimmern and Mosbach- Neckarelz
  • The conference center of the Protestant youth in Baden offers a variety of options for leisure time, school camp stays, seminars and conferences.

Culture and sights

Buildings

Hornberg Castle
The New Palace used as the town hall, behind it the former rent office
Armor of Götz von Berlichingen in the museum of Hornberg Castle
  • Hornberg Castle is the landmark of Neckarzimmern and one of the largest and most important castles in the Neckar Valley (castle of the knight Götz von Berlichingen ). The castle on a narrow mountain spur originally consisted of two separate complexes, which were only enclosed with a common wall around 1510. The keep and powder tower have been preserved in the partially crumbled upper castle. The better preserved lower castle is inhabited. The castle chapel from the 15th century is located near the castle. The castle has been owned by the Lords of Gemmingen since 1612.
  • The New Castle of Neckarzimmern was built as the second mansion of the Lords of Gemmingen in the 17th century. A dendrological examination of the timber resulted in the year of felling 1657. The building got its current appearance through a renovation in 1873. After the Gemmingen residents of Hornberg Castle again from 1930, the New Castle was sold to the community in 1932, which has since used it as the town hall. Together with the neighboring former Gemmingen Rentamt , also from the 17th century , which is now used as the Hornberg Castle vineyard , and the Alte Kelter (built in 1826), the New Castle forms a historical ensemble that still vaguely combines the manor house and its belonging Reveals the farmyard.
  • The Protestant church is the historical church of the place. Inside there are numerous grave slabs of the Lords of Gemmingen, some grave slabs are also attached to the outer facade. There is also a war memorial there. The Götz-von-Berlichingen fountain has been bubbling near the church since 1994.
  • The Catholic Church is a modern, functional building built on a hill outside the town center.
  • Several historical half-timbered buildings have been preserved in the center of the village. a. in the Herrengasse / Gäßle area, where there is also another modern fountain.
  • Memorial for the deported Jews from Baden : On October 23, 2005, the memorial of the youth project Mahnmal , which commemorates the deportation of Jews from Baden to the French camp Gurs in October 1940, was inaugurated. The memorial is represented by a large Star of David lying on the floor, on which individual memorial stones are placed for one place. The design and lettering is done by ecumenical youth groups from all over Baden. The floor sculpture was created for all 137 deportation sites in Baden. There are currently stones from 100 locations on the memorial, which is located on the area of ​​today's Protestant youth camp.
  • The Neckarzimmern barrage is located here in the Neckar Valley.

  • Evang. church

  • Catholic Church

  • Old wine press

  • Gemmingen epitaph at the Protestant church

Museums

  • In the Museum of Hornberg Castle you can see weapons and armor from the Middle Ages.

Applied arts

Lead crystal glass from Neckarzimmern is known far beyond the borders of the country. Visitors can see the glass blower and glass cutter at his traditional work over the shoulder.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the church

Emil Stumpp (1928)

Other people connected with the place

literature

  • Hans Obert: 1200 years of Neckarzimmern. Self-published by the Neckarzimmern community in 1973

Web links

Commons : Neckarzimmern  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Neckarzimmern  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume V: Karlsruhe District Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-17-002542-2 . Pp. 298-299
  3. ^ Hans Jänischen: village and rooms on the upper Neckar . Alemannisches Jahrbuch 1954, 1938 pp. 150–161
  4. ↑ Karl Josef Minst [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2614 July 27, 773 - Reg. 935. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 184 , accessed on April 12, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Dr. Gruber: Moral topography in consideration of the medical police 1807/08
  6. ↑ Adolf Frank in Badische Heimat , Volume 1981, p. 283
  7. ↑ Communications from the Württ. And Bad. State Statistical Office No. 2: Results of the population census on December 31, 1945 in North Baden
  8. ↑ Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office: Municipal council elections 2019, Neckarzimmern ; Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung , May 27, 2019: This is the new local council in Neckarzimmern ; accessed June 29, 2019.
  9. ↑ https://www.rnz.de/nachrichten/mosbach_artikel,-Mosbach-Neckarzimmern-Christian-Stuber-eustrationsvoll-bestaetigt-_arid,14071.html
  10. ↑ Neckarzimmern primary school . ( Memento from September 3, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Neckarzimmern.de, accessed on September 3, 2018.
  11. ^ Database building research / restoration. State Office for Monument Preservation Baden-Württemberg
  12. ^ Youth project memorial - A project against forgetting ( Memento from September 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive )