New Castle (Hamburg)
| new Castle | ||
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| Creation time : | 1024 to 1025 | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg, location | |
| Place: | Hamburg | |
| Geographical location | 53 ° 32 '51.2 " N , 9 ° 59' 28.6" E | |
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The Neue Burg was a medieval low castle in Hamburg's old town.
Location and construction
The castle was located between the Alster and Elbe in what was then the Alster loop, today's Nikolaifleet near the Elbe. It was built as a hill fort. The wall had a bottom diameter of about 17 meters and a height of 5.5 to 6 meters. It was built from wooden planks and heather plumes . The walled area had an inside diameter of about 50 meters. While the wall construction could be examined during archaeological excavations in 1953, the interior of the wall was not accessible due to recent overbuilding. There must have been a tower hill castle there. Objects of everyday use were also found during the excavations. The wall of the castle also served as protection against flooding of the Alster and Elbe. There was also a mooring right next to the castle. During excavations in 2014 and 2015, new discoveries were made.
history
Until 2015 it was assumed that, according to written records, the castle was built in 1061 by the Billung duke Ordulf . It represented the count's counterpart to the bishop's tower. It was also assumed that the Billungers owned another castle, the Alsterburg in Hamburg. The Counts of Hammaburg , Heinrich and his son Gottfried followed as lords of the castle . In 1066 and 1071 Hamburg was attacked by Slavic troops. In 1111 the castle became the property of the Schauenburgers .
Excavations in 2014 and 2015 at the Hopfenmarkt made it clear in 2015 with the help of dendrochronology that the oaks for the castle wall were felled to 1024 in winter 1023, so that the castle must have been built between 1024 and 1025, and Ordulf did not have the castle built , but rather his father Bernhard II. In addition, the Alsterburg , which appears in stories and which was never excavated, was never documented, must be the New Castle .
Nothing is known about the end of the castle. Merchants had already settled there earlier. 1188 founded Adolf III. on this place the former new town. At this point the castle was no longer in function. In 1195 the first Nikolaikirche was built in place of the castle . The name Neue Burg was only retained as a corridor designation for the properties there. Today one street bears the name Neue Burg.
literature
- Rainer-Maria Weiss, Anne Klammt (Hrsg.): Myth Hammaburg - Archaeological discoveries to the beginnings of Hamburg (= publications of the Helms-Museum, Archaeological Museum Hamburg, City Museum Harburg No. 107 ). Archaeological Museum Hamburg, Hamburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-931429-27-0 .
- Ralf Busch : The art of the Middle Ages in Hamburg - The castles (= publications of the Helms Museum, Hamburg Museum for Archeology and the History of Harburg No. 85 ). Dölling & Galitz, Hamburg 1999, p. 23-26 .