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Wüstenrot municipality
Coats of arms of the Neulautern
Coordinates: 49 ° 3 ′ 35 ″  N , 9 ° 25 ′ 57 ″  E
Height : 360 m above sea level NN
Area : 2.53 km²
Residents : 531  (2009)
Population density : 210 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1973
Area code : 07194
New speakers seen from the west. In the background the valley of the Buchenbach

Neulautern is a place that has belonged to the municipality of Wüstenrot in the Heilbronn district in northeast Baden-Württemberg since 1973 . It was built around 1530 in the valley of the eponymous “Spiegelberger” Lauter as a glassworks with housing estate and currently has around 530 inhabitants. The formerly independent municipality is now essentially a place of residence with some agriculture and tourism.

geography

Neulautern, the southernmost of the five Wüstenrot districts, is about 360  m above sea level. NN in the upper valley of the Lauter , a small tributary of the Murr which rises further north and into which the Buchenbach flowing from the northeast flows. Opposite the Buchenbach estuary , the place extends to a narrow blade , the Hansenklinge. The Lautertal is located in the Löwenstein Mountains , which are part of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains .

The area of ​​the former municipality is relatively small with an area of ​​253  hectares and predominantly covered with forest, which covers the heights on both sides of the narrow meadow valley of the Lauter. Larger neighboring towns are Spiegelberg ( Rems-Murr-Kreis ) in the south, Wüstenrot in the northeast and the Beilsteiner hamlet Stocksberg in the west. The town of Löwenstein , the seat of the Neulautern rule until 1806, is about seven kilometers away in the north-west. Direct neighbors in the Lauter valley are the hamlet of Eisenlautern, which belongs to Spiegelberg, in the south and the Wüstenrot hamlet of Lohmühle in the north.

Lautertal factory

Neulautern includes the hamlets of Altlautern (north of Lohmühle) and Buchenbach (east of the Lauter, directly adjacent to Neulautern, formerly called Pfarrhaus Neulautern , until 1970 to Spiegelberg) as well as the Lautertal residential area built as a factory in 1850 at the southern end of the district . Altlautern, a Neulauterner district exclave , is separated from the main district of Neulauterns by the districts Wüstenrot and Stocksberg; the Stocksberg district stretches between Alt- and Neulautern as far as the Lautertal and also includes the Neulauterner sports field.

In the past, the hamlets of Eisenlautern (since 1857) and Gräfliche Roßstaig, located further south, in the direction of Spiegelberg, also belonged to Neulautern; in an area adjustment on January 1, 1970 they came to the community of Spiegelberg. From May 26, 1945 to July 1, 1950, the hamlet of Stocksberg also belonged to Neulautern.

history

The place in question in the Codex Eberhardi. Stangebach in the middle of the picture, Luttera in the line below

A copy of a document from the year 779 contained in the Codex Eberhardi between 1150 and 1160 mentions various places on the occasion of a donation to the Fulda monastery , including the hamlet of Stange (n) bach , which is now part of Wüstenrot, and a place called Luttera . This naming was based on the hamlet of Altlautern, which later belonged to Neulautern, but unlike Stangenbach, a reliable determination of the intended place is hardly possible because of the frequency of the place name element Lautern .

In 1488 Altlautern was mentioned again in a description of the County of Löwenstein , to which it now belonged. There was a glassworks there that produced forest glass . The remote Lautertal was richly forested, but impassable, because of the rugged slopes, the timber industry and the removal of the wood growing here were hardly worthwhile. The glassmakers, on the other hand, found everything they needed for glass production here, in addition to wood, quartz (in the form of sand or pebbles ) and a lot of water to operate stamping mills , and therefore settled here. Glassworks were also built elsewhere in the Löwenstein Mountains and in the Mainhardt Forest .

From 1530 the glassworks was operated in Neulautern , a quarter of an hour downstream from Altlautern . In 1545 Neulautern was first mentioned in an interest register as “Newe Hutten called the Middle Loud”. In 1551 the name "in the Newen Lauter" appeared for the first time. At times the place was called Glaslautern because of the glassworks . Their employees settled around the hut, and Neulautern was created.

The hut belonged to the Counts of Löwenstein, who leased it. In the first 150 years or so it was apparently very rewarding, she was allowed to deliver windows for the Stuttgart Lusthaus in 1588 , and in 1643 her master craftsman was at the Frankfurt fair with 1,600 Romans . After the Thirty Years' War , the decline of the glassworks began in the Löwenstein Mountains and in the Mainhardt Forest. The Neulauterner hut was able to hold up with difficulty.

South-facing site plan by newcomers in the 18th century. The large building C is the glassworks, buildings D (barn) and E (house of the smelter) also belong to the hut.

Around 1746, a band of robbers around Caspar "Kasperle" Neumeister caused unrest in Neulautern and the surrounding area, who had quartered themselves in the vacant buildings of the nearby Neuhütte in Joachimstal . On February 19, 1746, two of the Neumeister's brothers were caught by military units in Neulautern, and Caspar Neumeister himself escaped.

In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the Wenzel family was widespread in Wüstenrot. In addition to several mayors and innkeepers, numerous master craftsmen from the glassworks in Neulautern came from her. The Federal Chancellor Helmut Schmidt , whose father initially had the surname Wenzel, descends from Christian Heinrich Wenzel, who moved from Wüstenrot to Hamburg around 1800. Johann Conrad I. Wentzel, a brother of the Schmidt ancestor Leonhard Friedrich Wentzel, also founded the glassworks in Erlach in 1736 .

In 1772/73 a “silver rush” hit Wüstenrot and the surrounding area, and in Neulautern, too, silver was dug - in vain . In 1806 the County of Löwenstein became part of the Kingdom of Württemberg and initially formed the Old Württemberg Reserves-Vogtei Löwenstein . Neulautern was assigned its own municipality and in 1810 initially to the Upper Office of Backnang , and in 1812 to the Upper Office of Weinsberg .

After the year without a summer of 1816, there was a wave of emigration in Württemberg, which also affected newcomers. After being recruited by the Russian Crown, a farmer, a glass manufacturer, a worker and a bricklayer emigrated to southern Russia with their families in 1817 .

In 1821 the final end of the glassworks came. Hard coal was dug unsuccessfully . The population, who had to live on meager agriculture and as peddlers, became increasingly impoverished. In 1835 a poor fund was founded. Due to a high birth surplus , the population increased by 20 percent from 1824 to 1847, in 1847 the Württemberg State Handbook recorded 547 local residents in Neulautern and 63 in Altlautern. The population peaked around 1850 and then decreased again due to emigration and - in some cases state-sponsored - emigration . In 1910 a census by the Zollverein recorded 287 residents in Neulautern and 20 in Altlautern. In 1855 Neulautern came together with a number of neighboring communities because of the great poverty of the population and consequently insufficient finances under state supervision, which lasted in Neulautern until 1876.

A new factory built in 1850 south of the village (today the Lautertal residential area ) initially produced earthenware and then functioned as a weaving mill until 1897 . In 1905 the Heilbronn manufacturer Gustav Hauck and his company Joh. Ludw. Reiner ran the factory and manufactured cigars there, which continued with interruptions until 1951.

Weaving mill letterhead with a view of the factory building at the end of the 19th century

With the dissolution of the Oberamt Weinsberg in 1926, Neulautern came to the Oberamt Heilbronn (from 1934 district Heilbronn, from 1938 district Heilbronn ). The world economic crisis affected u. a. through the closure of the cigar factory in 1930/31, also on new lauters; at the census in June 1933, 11.9% of the 226 people in work were unemployed.

The time of National Socialism brought, in addition to state job creation measures, a downsized and harmonized municipal council with only NSDAP members and a local NSDAP group (from 1937, previously a base or cell of the Wüstenrot local group). Attempts by the neighboring community of Spiegelberg from 1935 to 1937 to incorporate Neulautern were unsuccessful. Towards the end of the Second World War , Neulautern came under American artillery fire from April 14 to 18, 1945, which severely damaged the church. The shelled German troops withdrew after blowing up all three bridges leading into the village on the night of April 17, so that the US troops were able to occupy Neulautern on April 18 without resistance.

The hamlet of Stocksberg , which belongs to the town of Beilstein and is located to the west and above Neulautern, came to Neulautern as a result of an amalgamation order issued by the Heilbronn District Administrator Emil Beutinger on May 26, 1945. After a citizens' meeting and vote in Stocksberg, which went out in favor of Beilstein, the Württemberg-Baden Ministry of the Interior overturned this order on July 1, 1950, and Stocksberg returned to Beilstein.

After the Second World War Neulautern took in over 100 displaced persons, the population grew from 318 (1939) to 434 (1950). It then decreased again, sank to 402 in 1956 and 390 in 1961. An area adjustment with the southern neighboring municipality of Spiegelberg on January 1, 1970 removed a centuries-old border curiosity: east of the Lauter, the Spiegelberg area extended to the hamlet of Lohmühle to the north of Neulauterns, west of the river, on the other hand, the Neulauterner area reached up to the gates of Spiegelberg, which meant that parts of the buildings in both communities were on the respective other district and thus in a different district. The area adjustment not only brought the Neulautern parish church to its own territory for the first time, but also the most important tourism company in the area with the Café Waldeck , which has existed since 1950 .

When the local government reform in Baden-Württemberg began to emerge at the beginning of the 1970s, Neulautern decided to merge with Wüstenrot and was incorporated on January 1, 1973. Exactly one year later, Wüstenrot merged with Finsterrot , Maienfels and Neuhütten to form the new municipality of Wüstenrot. Two new development areas let the population increase. Today Neulautern is essentially a place of residence with some agriculture and tourism.

Religions

New Apostolic Church Neulauterns

Neulautern initially belonged to Löwenstein, where the service was also attended, although Löwenstein was much further away than Wüstenrot, which was part of Württemberg. Like Löwenstein, Neulautern was Protestant . In 1848 the parish received a parish administration, the service was held in the school house. In 1852 Neulautern became its own parish, to which the hamlet of Stocksberg, which belongs to Beilstein, was assigned in 1865. The Protestant parish church was inaugurated on May 19, 1867. Today's Protestant parish Neulautern includes the eponymous district of Neulautern of the municipality of Wüstenrot and the small hamlet of Stocksberg in the town of Beilstein and belongs to the Weinsberg-Neuenstadt church district of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg .

In the history of Neulautern, Anabaptists (1586), Baptists (1846) and Wesleyans (Methodists, around 1860) were mentioned. Today, in addition to the Protestants, the New Apostolic Church has a parish (which has existed since 1933) with its own church building in Neulautern. The local Catholics belong to the parish ( Obersulm -) Affaltrach, which owns the St. Barbara Church in Neuhütten .

politics

Neulautern's coat of arms

Local council and mayor

Neulautern is in the legal sense a place within Wüstenrot with a local council that has six members. At the suggestion of the local council, the Wüstenrot municipal council elects an honorary local head for Neulauterns. These bodies are to be heard on important matters affecting the locality.

The SPD currently has four local councils, the Free Voters' Association (FWV) one. The mayor today (as of December 18, 2012) is Florian Dietrich (FWV).

coat of arms

The blazon of the Neulautern coat of arms reads: a green glass jug in a split shield above in silver, and a swimming silver trout below in blue.

The glass jug is reminiscent of the Neulauterner glassworks , which existed until 1821 , while the trout is a reference to the trout-rich Lauter. The municipality of Neulautern accepted the coat of arms in 1930 at the suggestion of the Württemberg archives department.

Buildings

The Martin Luther Church

The Martin Luther Church at the southeast end of the village , a north-east facing hall church made of sandstone , is the Protestant parish church of Neulautern. It was created by state instigation and from funds from the Protestant church property as the Martin Luther Church and parsonage from 1865 to 1867 according to plans by the Heilbronn building councilor Albert Barth . The north-western long side was badly damaged by the effects of war in 1945 and then simply restored. An interior renovation in 1971/72 largely changed the original character of the room by removing the old furnishings and adding a U-shaped gallery . The glass artist Hans Gottfried von Stockhausen created the colored glazing of the three choir windows: in 1951 the middle window with the resurrection motif to commemorate the dead of the Second World War, the other two windows (Birth and Passion of Jesus) in connection with the renovation in 1972. Right next to the church is the Protestant parsonage , built in 1865/66 from sandstone blocks, also according to plans by Albert Barth.

The former school and town hall built in 1838 in the center of Neulautern, a plastered half-timbered house with a classicist facade, was rebuilt in 1930 and renovated in 1978. It has been a community center since 1975. Not far away on the through road is the former Gasthaus zum Löwen, formerly the glassworks hut, which is dated 1782 on a keystone, was sold to the Löwenwirt in 1807 and expanded in 1898. The ground floor is solid, from the upper floor the house is made of plastered half-timbering. On a cross street is a small farmer's house, probably built around 1800 (solid ground floor, half-timbered upper floor) with a hunger table that records food prices from 1772 to 1817, when grain prices rose sharply after poor harvests in the year without summer 1816.

About a kilometer south of the village on the road to Spiegelberg is the former Lautertal factory , a long half-timbered building built in 1850 as a stoneware factory with several outbuildings in a small park. After the bankruptcy of the stoneware factory in 1852, the ensemble housed a mechanical weaving mill until 1897 , an air spa from 1898 to 1904 , a cigar factory from 1906 to 1951 (with interruptions), then a furniture store until 1975. The facility has been privately owned since then.

  • Rectory

  • Former school and town hall

  • Gasthaus zum Löwen

  • "Hunger table"

societies

The largest club in Neulautern is the football club FC Neulautern 1928 with 156 members and a sports field in the Lautertal above Neulauterns. A fire brigade has existed in Neulautern since 1888.

Infrastructure

The state road 1066 that runs along the Lautertal leads upstream to federal road 39 and to Löwenstein, downstream to Spiegelberg and on to Sulzbach an der Murr , where there is a connection to federal road 14 . The state road 1090 leads along the Buchenbach to Wüstenrot, the district road 2098, which crosses the Lautertal further north at the hamlet of Lohmühle, connects to the Wüstenrot district of Stangenbach in the east and the Beilstein hamlet of Stocksberg in the west. The public transport is handled by buses, the Neulautern with Sulzbach at the Murr, Backnang , Wüstenrot, Lowenstein and Obersulm connect -Willsbach. In Sulzbach an der Murr there is a connection to the Waiblingen – Schwäbisch Hall-Hessental railway , and in Willsbach to the Crailsheim – Heilbronn railway with the Heilbronn light rail .

While Neulautern still has its own kindergarten , the local elementary school was closed in 1975 , and the local students have been attending the elementary school in Wüstenrot ever since. There is also a Werkrealschule there . Secondary schools in the area include the secondary schools in Obersulm and Mainhardt and the grammar schools in Weinsberg and Obersulm.

literature

  • Ernst Schlagenhauf: New speakers. In: Wüstenroter Heimatbuch . Municipal administration Wüstenrot, Wüstenrot 1979, pp. 101–114.
  • Desert red. History of a community in the Swabian-Franconian Forest. Municipality of Wüstenrot, Wüstenrot 1999, ISBN 3-00-005408-1 ( Municipality in transition. Volume 8).
  • New speakers . In: Description of the Oberamt Weinsberg . 1861 ( Wikisource )

Web links

Commons : Neulautern  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes and individual references

  1. ↑ Population and area according to Wüstenrot. In: The district of Heilbronn. Published by the Baden-Württemberg State Archives in conjunction with the Heilbronn district. Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2010, ISBN 978-3-7995-6188-4 , pp. 490-509
  2. ↑ Additional sources for the geography section: Topographic map 1:25 000. Sheet 6922 Wüstenrot . 8th edition. Landesvermessungsamt Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-89021-071-6
    The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume II: The municipalities before and after the territorial reform. Basic regional statistical data. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-17-002349-7 , p. 135
    The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume IV: Stuttgart district, Franconian and East Württemberg regional associations. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-17-005708-1 , pp. 150–153
    Geodata Viewer at www.geoportal-bw.de
  3. ↑ Also reproduced in the literature as Stangbach and Luutra or Lutera . Printed u. a. in:
    • Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch , Volume II, Stuttgart 1858, No. NA, pp. 437–438, online here (PDF, 283 kB) or here
    • Gustav Bossert (arrangement): Württembergisches from the Codex Laureshamensis, the Traditiones Fuldenses and from Weissenburger Quellen , Stuttgart 1895, p. 236, online here
  4. ↑ Wolfram Angerbauer : First documented mention of Stangenbach and Lautern in the year 779. In: Wüstenroter Heimatbuch . Wüstenrot municipal administration, Wüstenrot 1979, pp. 139–141
  5. ↑ Sönke Lorenz: From Prehistory to the Middle Ages. In: Wüstenrot. History of a community in the Swabian-Franconian Forest. (see literature), pp. 9-32
  6. ^ Regina Keyler: Glassmakers and Glassworks. In: Wüstenrot. History of a community in the Swabian-Franconian Forest. (see literature), pp. 67-85
  7. ^ Marianne Hasenmayer: The glassworks in the Mainhardter forest and in the Löwensteiner mountains. In: Paul Strähle: Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park. 4th edition. Theiss, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-8062-2033-6 , pp. 108-128.
  8. ↑ Klaus Irmscher: The Wenzel ancestors of the former Federal Chancellor Helmut Schmidt and the migration movement of the glassmaker Wenzel in the south-west of Germany . In: Genealogy , Issue 7–8 / 1997, pp. 597–625.
  9. ↑ Klaus Irmscher: Johann Conrad I. Wentzel, the founder of the Erlacher Glashütte, and the migration movement of the glassmaker Wenzel in the southwest of Germany . In: Genealogy , Issue 1–2 / 1998, pp. 19–35.
  10. ↑ Axel Hindemith: Hindemith - a Silesian family name in Bessarabia, co-founder of Hope Valley . (PDF; 333 kB)
  11. ↑ a b Raimund Waibel: From the Napoleonic era to the First World War. In: Wüstenrot. History of a community in the Swabian-Franconian Forest. (see literature), pp. 95-145
  12. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 451 .
  13. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 465 .
  14. ↑ Manfred Waßner: Wüstenrot and its sub-locations since 1945. In: Wüstenrot. History of a community in the Swabian-Franconian Forest. (see literature), pp. 199-230
  15. ^ Website of the Evangelical Church Community Neulautern
  16. ^ Website of the Evangelical Church District Weinsberg-Neuenstadt
  17. ↑ Roland Gampper: Chronicle of the community Wüstenrot-Neulautern (status: October 2008) nak-backnang.de; accessed on March 25, 2018
  18. ^ Website of the municipality of Wüstenrot , accessed on December 18, 2012.
  19. ↑ Source for the coat of arms section: Eberhard Gönner: Wappenbuch des Stadt- und Landkreis Heilbronn with a territorial history of this area . Archive Directorate Stuttgart, Stuttgart 1965 ( Publications of the State Archives Administration Baden-Württemberg. Issue 9), p. 121.
  20. ↑ Joachim Hennze: Strict and beautiful. Protestant churches in the Heilbronn district in the style change of the 19th century ; in: Heilbronnica. Contributions to the city and regional history. Volume 3, 2006, pp. 269-298
  21. ^ John D. Post: A Study in Meteorological and Trade Cycle History: The Economic Chrisis Following the Napoleonic Wars . In: The Journal of Economic History 34 (1974), pp. 315-349.
  22. ↑ Source for the section buildings: Christoph Seeger: Catalog of architectural monuments in Wüstenrot. In: Wüstenrot. History of a community in the Swabian-Franconian Forest. (see literature), pp. 231-244
  23. ↑ As of 2003
  24. ↑ Chronicle on fc-neulautern.de; Retrieved May 1, 2010
  25. ↑ The history of the place . ( Memento from June 10, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) feuerwehr-neulautern.de
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on January 5, 2010 .