neuritis

Classification according to ICD-10
M79.2	Neuralgia and neuritis, unspecified
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

In medicine, neuritis or nerve inflammation is an inflammation of a peripheral nerve or a cranial nerve . In a broader sense, degenerative , toxic or trauma -related diseases are also referred to as neuritis. If many nerves are affected, one speaks of polyneuritis or polyneuropathy , the disease of a single nerve is called mononeuritis . Inflammation of the nerve roots is called radiculitis . Diseases of peripheral nerves without symptoms of inflammation are called neuropathy , irritation without recognizable morphological damage is called neuralgia .

Classification

A distinction is made according to the infestation pattern:

• Distal symmetric neuritis
• Focus neuritis
• Mononeuritis multiplex (the staggered disease of several individual nerves)

According to the cause ( etiology ) one differentiates:

• infectious (especially virus - infections )
• traumatic (mechanical trauma ),
• toxic (by poisons ),
• dystrophic ( dystrophy ),
• thermally caused ( cold neuritis ),
• neuroallergic ( allergy ),
• ischemic ( ischemia ) and
• idiopathic (unknown cause, idiopathic ) neuritis, here the term is neuropathy common

According to the histological changes, one differentiates:

• Interstitial neuritis : In the interstitial neuritis dominate exudation and proliferation of connective tissue sheaths of a nerve ( epi-, peri- and Endoneurium ). There is an edema of the connective tissue fibers, a loosening of the myelin sheaths , the immigration of inflammatory cells and, secondarily, a proliferation of the connective tissue. This form occurs mainly in infectious-inflammatory processes.
• Parenchymal neuritis : In the parenchymatous neuritis degradation of the myelin sheaths of individual segments takes place and possibly disintegration of the axons and a degeneration in the descending direction. This form can be observed in particular with toxic nerve damage.

clinic

Neuritis manifests itself in a flaccid paralysis of the muscles innervated by the affected nerves , and if it persists for a long time, muscle atrophy . In addition, there are sensitive symptoms of failure and, under certain circumstances, vegetative disorders.

Special shapes

• Apoplectiform neuritis (damage from bleeding into the brachial plexus )
• Fazialisneuritis : virus- or toxic-induced damage to the facial nerve
• Guillain-Barré syndrome : infectious polyneuritis or polyradiculitis, Landry's palsy can be fatal
• Neuritis acustica toxica ( damage to the auditory nerve)
• Diabetic neuritis Nerve damage in diabetes
• Hypertrophic neuritis : tumor-like thickening of the connective tissue with subsequent nerve damage
• Neuritis migrans ( Wartenberg syndrome )
• Neuritis multiplex : appearing seemingly indiscriminately in different places
• Optic neuritis : neuritis of the optic nerve ( optic nerve )
• Eichhorst disease
• Vestibular neuritis (vestibular neuropathy)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Alphabetical directory for the ICD-10-WHO version 2019, volume 3. German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information (DIMDI), Cologne, 2019, p. 629

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !