Neurokinin A
| Neurokinin A | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Structural formula of neurokinin A | ||
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 10 amino acids, 1133 Da | |
| Precursor | Preprotachykinin A | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name | TAC1 | |
| External IDs |
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| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Mammals | |
Neurokinin A , formerly also called substance K , is a peptide from the group of tachykinins . The peptide, which consists of ten amino acids , mostly occurs together with the tachykinin substance P in particular in the central nervous system , in the spinal cord and in the gastrointestinal tract . Neurokinin A was discovered in 1983 by Kimura and co-workers and was first described.
biochemistry
biosynthesis
Neurokinin A is a decapeptide with the sequence His-Lys-Asp-Ser-Val-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH 2 . It is, as well as substance P, through the TAC1 - gene coded. Two of the splice variants of this gene, β- and γ-preprotachykinin A, can serve as precursors to neurokinin A.
Dismantling
Neurokinin A is broken down in the human organism primarily with the help of the enzyme enkephalinase .
function
The central role of neurokinin A is that of a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the nervous system . Outside of the central nervous system, neurokinin A promotes constriction of the bronchial muscles and is associated with the development of inflammatory respiratory diseases such as asthma . At the molecular level, neurokinin A primarily mediates its effects via activation of the tachykinin receptor NK 2 . Drugs that inhibit this receptor are being investigated as potential therapeutics for obstructive and inflammatory respiratory diseases.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kimura S, Okada M, Sugita Y, Kanazawa I, Munekata E: Novel neuropeptides, neurokinin α and β, isolated from porcine spinal cord . In: Proc. Jpn. Acad. . 59, 1983, pp. 101-104.
- ↑ Joos GF, De Swert KO, Schelfhout V, Pauwels RA: The role of neural inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . In: Ann. NY Acad. Sci. . 992, May 2003, pp. 218-230. PMID 12794061 .
literature
- Beach, Fleur L .: Tachykinines: Substance P, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B . In: Neuropeptides: regulators of physiological processes . MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass 1999, ISBN 0-262-19407-4 , pp. 365-383.