Noimuti
Noimuti ( Noemuti ) is a place in the north of West Timor , which formerly formed the small empire of a Liurai . Today Noimuti is divided into the districts ( Kecamatan ) Noimuti and Ostnoimuti in the administrative district ( Kabupaten ) of North Central Timor .
history
Originally, Noimuti was not an independent empire. Part belonged to Amanuban , the other half to Miomaffo . Noimuti was given to the Roman Catholic Church, which took over the administration. People from the area settled in the area. Eventually Portugal took over the administration.
In 1752 the Dutch attacked the Topasse Empire of Noimuti under the leadership of the German Hans Albrecht von Plüskow , the commandant of Kupang . Plüskow took 400 prisoners here and captured 14 cannons. Noimuti initially remained an enclave under Portuguese sovereignty in the Dutch West Timor, which was connected to the Portuguese Oe-Cusse Ambeno and thus to the sea via a corridor . Later the corridor was blocked by the Dutch and local rulers.
At the end of the 18th century, Prince Richardus or Richardus Sonbai fled to Noimuti. He was the son of the Liurai Neno Sonbai ( Dom Pedro von Sonba'i ) and brother of the Liurai Bau . The family belonged to the Topasse , mestizo originating from Portuguese and residents of the islands of Flores and Solor . He settled in Noimuti and became Liurai of Noimuti. According to some sources, he was also a symbolic Liurai of Oecussi, possibly also from other areas in West Timor. At least Richardus married a princess of Oe-Cusse. He died around 1800. Dom Matheus da Costa became the new ruler of Noimuti. His brother Dom Domingos III. da Costa ruled from 1879 to 1896. After Dom Domingos abdicated, Dom Domingos IV followed. He was the last Liurai with real government power. The successors were only cultural rulers and religious leaders of the population.
| Ruler | Reign |
|---|---|
| Leu Sonbai aka Alfonso Salema | 1749-1752 |
| Antonio da Costa | from 1757 |
| Richardus Sonbai | until around 1800 |
| Dom Domingos I. (?) | ? |
| Dom Domingos II (?) | ? |
| Cathedral Matheus I da Costa | until 1879 |
| Dom Domingos III. da Costa | 1879-1896 |
| Dom Domingos IV da Costa | 1896-1915 |
| Fettor Koko Salem | 1915–? |
| Cathedral Matheus V. | 1940-1953 |
| Dom Michael | 1953–? |
| Dom Antonius | ? |
In the Treaty of Lisbon in 1859, the Netherlands recognized Portuguese sovereignty over Noimuti and Oecussi-Ambeno. The Dutch exclave Maucatar existed in the east of Timor . Attempts by the rulers of Oe-Cusses failed to lay claim to the Bikomi strip in order to obtain a land connection to Noimuti.
On August 17, 1916, the treaty was signed in The Hague on the basis of a judgment of the International Court of Justice of 1913 ( Sentenca Arbitral ), which largely determined the border between East and West Timor that still exists today. The enclaves of Noimuti and Maucatar were exchanged between the colonial powers. Dom Domingus IV. Da Costa was replaced in 1915 by his deputy Fettor Koko Salem , as Domingus was too much on the Portuguese side. Noimuti became part of Miomafo on April 25, 1917. The Fettor family held the office until 1940. From 1940 to 1953 Matheus V. Liurai was from Noimuti. The Japanese occupied Timor between 1942 and 1945 ( see Battle of Timor ), after which the Dutch came back. But the local rulers had regained influence. In 1949 West Timor became part of independent Indonesia . 1953 followed Dom Michael, the brother Matheus V. Later came Dom Antonius, son of Matheus V. Today's Crown Prince is Muda Francisco da Costa.
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of the administrative units of Indonesia down to the Desas 2010 ( Memento from April 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (English; PDF; 5.9 MB)
- ↑ James J. Fox, “The Paradox of Powerlessness: Timor in Historical Perspective,” December 9, 1996, Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University ( Memento July 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 70 kB)
- ^ Frédéric Durand: Three centuries of violence and struggle in East Timor (1726-2008) , Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence
- ↑ a b Royal Timor - Noimuti. Archived from the original on December 21, 2010 ; accessed on January 8, 2016 .
- ↑ Laura Suzanne Meitzner Yoder: Custom, Codification, Collaboration: Integrating the Legacies of Land and Forest Authorities in Oecusse Enclave, East Timor, pp. 84 ff., Dissertation, Yale University, 2005 ( PDF file; 1.46 MB ( Memento of March 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive )).
- ↑ CAVR report from 2005: Part 3: The History of the Conflict (PDF; 1.4 MB)
Coordinates: 9 ° 34 ' S , 124 ° 28' E