Nonylphenol ethoxylates
Nonylphenol ethoxylates ( NPE or NPEO ) are a group of nonionic surfactants that are derived from nonylphenols and differ in the number of hydrophilic ethoxy units in the polyethylene glycol side chain.
Nonylphenol ethoxylates are on the no-longer polymers list .
use
They are most commonly used in cleaning products . Due to the dangers involved, the industry made a voluntary commitment in 1986 that it would no longer use this substance in detergents and cleaning agents for private use within the EU . In 1992 the elimination of industrial cleaning agents was expanded. In 2003, the use of nonylphenol ethoxylates and nonylphenols in the EU was severely restricted.
toxicity
| safety instructions | |||||||||
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| CAS number |
9016-45-9 |
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| EC number |
500-024-6 |
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| ECHA InfoCard | |||||||||
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| Authorization procedure under REACH |
Of particular concern: serious environmental effects are considered likely; subject to approval |
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In 1984 it was discovered that nonylphenol ethoxylates are broken down in sewage treatment plants to form 4- n -nonylphenols , which have a toxic effect on many organisms, and that significant amounts of them are released into water. In water bodies, the hormone-active ( estrogenic ) effect on aquatic organisms is particularly problematic. The bioaccumulation capacity is very high (> 1000).
In a study by the environmental organization Greenpeace , residues of the NPE were found in 52 of 78 textile products (two thirds) from shops in 18 countries. All of these are branded items that were manufactured in low-wage countries . The articles examined do not have any direct health effects for consumers.
Examples
- Nonoxinol 9
- Nonoxinol 40 , the derivative with a polyethylene glycol side chain consisting of 40 ethylene oxide units, is used as a detergent in biochemistry .
literature
- Ismail-H. Acir, Klaus Guenther: Endocrine-disrupting metabolites of alkylphenol ethoxylates - A critical review of analytical methods, environmental occurrences, toxicity, and regulation . In: Science of The Total Environment . tape 635 , 2018, p. 1530–1546 , doi : 10.1016 / j.scitotenv.2018.04.079 , PMID 29874777 (English).
- TB Chokwe, JO Okonkwo, LL Sibali: Distribution, exposure pathways, sources and toxicity of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates in the environment . In: Water SA . tape 43 , no. 4 , 2017, p. 529-542 , doi : 10.4314 / wsa.v43i4.01 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Notification of new chemical substances in accordance with directive 67/548 / EEC on the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances - No-longer polymer list, version 2 .
- ↑ Directive 2003/53 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 18, 2003 on the 26th amendment to Directive 76/769 / EEC on restrictions on the placing on the market and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylate and cement) . July 17, 2003.
- ↑ a b entry to nonylphenol, isomers in the GESTIS Bank of IFA , accessed on January 10, 2017(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ Entry in the SVHC list of the European Chemicals Agency , accessed on April 21, 2020.
- ↑ Entry in the register of substances subject to authorization of the European Chemicals Agency , accessed on April 21, 2020.
- ^ W. Giger , PH Brunner, C. Schaffner: 4-Nonylphenol in sewage sludge: accumulation of toxic metabolites from nonionic surfactants . Science , 225 (4662), 1984, pp. 623-625, doi: 10.1126 / science.6740328 .
- ↑ Greenpeace press release of August 23, 2011.
- ↑ Helenius, A. & Simons, K. (1975): Solubilization of membranes by detergents. In: Biochim. Biophys. Acta . Vol. 415, pp. 29-79. PMID 1091302 , doi: 10.1016 / 0304-4157 (75) 90016-7 .
- ↑ Calbiochem Booklet: A Guide To The Properties And Uses Of Detergents , 2001 (PDF; 597 kB).