Nowa Ruda

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nowa Ruda
Nowa Ruda coat of arms
Nowa Ruda (Poland)
Nowa Ruda
Nowa Ruda
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Kłodzko
Area : 37.04  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 35 ′  N , 16 ° 30 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 34 ′ 47 "  N , 16 ° 30 ′ 6"  E
Height : 360 m npm
Residents : 22,067
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 57-400
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DKL
Economy and Transport
Street : Kłodzko - Wałbrzych
Rail route : Kłodzko – Wałbrzych
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 37.04 km²
Residents: 22,067
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 596 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0208041
Administration (as of 2015)
Mayor : Tomasz Kiliński
Address: Rynek 1
57-400 Nowa Ruda
Website : www.um.nowaruda.pl



Nowa Ruda [ 'nɔva' ruda ] (German Neurode ) is a city in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . It belongs to the powiat Kłodzki and is the seat of the rural municipality of the same name . The municipality Nowa Ruda also includes the formerly independent localities Kolno ( Kohlendorf ), Drogosław ( Kunzendorf ) and Słupiec ( Schlegel ).

Geographical location

and display information about the image
Panorama of Nowa Ruda

The city is located in Lower Silesia in the northwest of the Glatzer Kessel on the edge of the Owl Mountains . The upper town with the ring, castle and parish church is located on the steep left bank of the Włodzica ( Walditz ), the lower town about 50 meters below is in the Walditztal.

History of the city

Neurode northwest of Glatz on a map from 1905.
Neurode Castle
St. Nicholas Church, built 1885–1890.

The history of the city of Neurode and its political and ecclesiastical affiliation is closely linked to the history of the former County of Glatz , to which Neurode belonged from the beginning. It was first mentioned in a document in 1337 in connection with a church patronage. On September 20, 1352, the landlord Hannus ( Hanns / Hanß ) Wustehube sold the farm "Newenrode" with the town of the same name together with the villages of Hausdorf , Königswalde , Kunzendorf , Ludwigsdorf and Volpersdorf to Hensel von Donyn ( Dohna ). It gradually developed from a craftsmen's settlement in the suburbs, where the Holy Cross Church is said to have existed very early and was also known as a place of pilgrimage. A parish church is mentioned for the year 1363.

During the Hussite Wars Neurode was attacked several times and reduced to rubble. In 1434 it received city law principles from its landlord. After the death of Friedrich von Donyn in 1467, Neurode and Mittelsteine fell to the Bohemian King George of Podebrady as a settled fief by reversion . He gave them to Georg Stillfried-Rattonitz out of gratitude for their services, on condition that he marry one of the sisters of the late Friedrich von Donyn. 1472 confirmed Duke Heinrich d. Ä. von Münsterberg , who was the feudal owner of the County of Glatz at the time, made the donation. In the middle of the 16th century, the Lords of Stillfried accepted the Reformation and employed an evangelical preacher.

Although the Lords of Stillfried stood on the side of the winter king Friedrich von der Pfalz in the Bohemian uprising , they lost only a few goods after the battle of the White Mountains . In 1624 Bernhard I Stillfried returned to the Catholic faith in the course of the Counter-Reformation and was thus able to avoid severe punishment. In the Thirty Years' War Nowa Ruda was destroyed; In addition, the plague raged in 1633, from which almost 1,000 people died in Neurode and the surrounding area.

In 1742 with the Peace of Berlin , which was confirmed again with the Hubertusburg Peace of 1763, Neurode fell to Prussia together with the County of Glatz . The subsequent reforms by Freiherr Karl vom Stein meant that the landlords were largely disempowered. Out of annoyance about this and also because of financial difficulties, Friedrich August Stillfried sold the Neurode rule to Anton Alexander von Magnis on Eckersdorf in 1810 . Since a compulsory administration had already been ordered due to the existing debts, the transfer of the goods to the Lords of Magnis , who resided at their castle in Eckersdorf, could not take place until 1821. They used Neuroder Castle as the seat of the property administration, from 1899 as the seat of the mine administration.

From 1854 to 1932 Neurode was the seat of the district of Neurode by dividing the Glatz district . The railway connection with Glatz could not be opened until 1879, and the connection with Waldenburg followed a year later . For the realization of this route, Germany's highest railway viaduct was built over the Schwarzbachgrund . The private Owl Mountain Railway was added around 1900 .

1930 and 1941 which was Neurode area shaken by two mining disasters: On July 9, 1930 stifled the on the Kurt-bay Wenceslaus pit in Hausdorf 151 miners in a carbon dioxide outbreak. An even larger carbon dioxide outbreak killed 187 miners on May 10, 1941 in the Rubengrube in Kohlendorf .

In 1945 Neurode belonged to the district of Glatz in the administrative district of Breslau in the Prussian province of Silesia of the German Empire .

During the Second World War , Neurode was spared from fighting and destruction. After the war ended, the city was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying forces . The German place name was translated into Nowa Ruda . In addition to the Polish ones, there were also Czechoslovakian claims with regard to the Neuroder and Waldenburg mining areas . The first Polish mayor was Edward Miernik. The newly settled residents were partly repatriates from eastern Poland , which had fallen to the Soviet Union. Unless they had fled before, the German population was largely expelled from Neurode in 1946 and 1947 . Numerous Germans who were indispensable for the functioning of the economy were not expelled. Most of them were skilled workers in the mining industry who were needed to mine coal. For the children of the Germans who remained behind, schools with German language instruction were set up from the 1951 school year. In 1951/52 the German-language magazine Bergmannsgewerkschaft was published . Most of the Germans who stayed behind were able to travel to the Federal Republic of Germany through family reunification at the end of the 1950s through the mediation of the German Red Cross .

From 1954 to 1975 Nowa Ruda was the seat of the powiat noworudzki, then until 1998 it belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship ( Waldenburg ).

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1890 06,854 638 Protestants and 16 Jews
1933 10,692
1939 10,014 1,198 Protestants, 8,556 Catholics, seven other Christians, no Jews

Economic development

Mine accident in the Wenceslaus mine in Mölke , July 1930

Cloth making developed very early in Neurode. The Neuroder Wollenweber received a statute in 1360; for 1404 the guild regulations of the shoemakers, for 1416 the guild regulations of the drapers are proven. Around 1600 the cloth makers delivered their products to various countries of the Habsburg Monarchy , around 1800 even to Italy, Russia and Turkey. In 1808 there were 450 master clothiers in Neurode. Linen production was also important between 1780 and 1803. In the 19th century several textile factories were built in and around Neurode.

From the 19th century Neurode was an important center of the mining area of ​​the same name. In addition to hard coal, iron ore, copper ore, slate and gold were mined. The Magnis'sche Bergverwaltung, which had its headquarters in Neuroder Castle since 1899, was converted in 1901 into the “Neuroder Coal and Clay Works Union”. In 1921 this became the property of Berlin's Linke-Hofmann-Lauchhammer AG . The mining resulted in a strong industrial development, which resulted in the settlement of further companies and thus an economic upswing as well as an improvement of the infrastructure. The population increased sharply. After the Second World War, mining was initially carried on extensively. Due to sales difficulties, the coal mines have been shut down in recent decades. The last mine was closed in 2000.

Attractions

town hall
Interior of the Holy Cross Church
Oberwalditz Castle
  • The town hall ( Ratusz ) was built in the neo-renaissance style in 1892-1894 according to plans by the architect Ewald Berger . The facade bears the emblems of the guilds of cloth merchants , the textile industry and mining .
  • The arcades of the town houses ( Schusterlauben, Kunzendorfer Lauben, Marienlauben ) date from the 17th and 18th centuries. Some of them were abandoned to decay after the Second World War.
  • The parish church of St. Nicholas ( Kościół Św. Mikołaja ) was built in place of the originally Protestant church that was built in 1567 and has been Catholic since 1624, which burned down in 1884. It was built in the neo-Gothic style in 1885–1890 according to plans by the diocesan master builder Joseph Ebers in Wroclaw . The styled main altar, the choir stalls and the pulpit were designed by the Schlaney- born architect Joseph Elsner and delivered from his Munich workshops. The main altarpiece of St. Nikolaus and the paintings on the side altars were created by Hieronymus Richter from Glatzer , the ornamental paintings by J. Krachwitz from Frankenstein .
  • The neo-Gothic burial chapel to the north of the church was also built in 1898 based on a design by the diocesan master builder Joseph Ebers.
  • The Church of the Holy Cross ( Kościół Krzyża Św. ) Was built in 1726 on the site of the oldest parish church.
  • The Church of the Assumption of Mary ( Kościół Wniebowzięcia NPM ) is also known as the Brethren Church . It was built around 1500 as the then parish church of St. Nicholas under the patronage of the estate owners. The patronage and the function as a parish church were transferred in 1567 to the new Protestant church in the upper town, which had served as the Catholic church since 1624. Only with the transfer to the “Brotherhood Visitation of Mary” did she receive the patronage of the Assumption of Mary. The church has been rebuilt and renovated several times. The main altar of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary is from 1694, the side altar of St. John of Nepomuk from the 1st half of the 18th century. The church was completely renovated in 1991.
  • The pilgrimage chapel of St. Anna ( Kaplica pielgrzymkowa Św. Anny ) on the Annaberg was built in 1644 by Bernhard von Stillfried instead of a wooden chapel from 1515 that was demolished during the Reformation. Between 1662 and 1665, alterations were made, presumably according to plans by Andrea Carove. The carved miraculous image of Anna selbdritt is from 1495. The main altar is from the 17th century.
  • Neurode Castle ( Zamek ) has served the Counts of Magnis as the seat of the property administration since 1821, and as the seat of the mine administration since 1899.
  • The Oberwalditz Castle ( Dawny dwór górny ) was built in 1598 for Bernhard von Stillfried-Rattonitz and rebuilt after a fire in 1823, in 1860 it was rebuilt in the late Classicist style with elements of the Tudor neo-Gothic.

sons and daughters of the town

Twin cities

Nowa Ruda has partnerships with the following cities:

Rural community

The city of Nowa Ruda is the administrative seat of the rural community of Nowa Ruda , but does not belong to it as an independent urban community. The rural community counts 11,599 inhabitants (June 30, 2019) on an area of ​​139.66 km².

literature

Web links

Commons : Nowa Ruda  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Website of the city, Władze ( memento of April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 13, 2015
  3. ↑ The nobility of the Glatzer country
  4. ↑ http://www.werkbahn.de/eisenbahn/zahnrad/waldenburg.htm
  5. ↑ Hausdorf mining accident
  6. ↑ Joachim Bahlcke : Schlesien und die Schlesier , Verlag Langer Müller, ISBN 3-7844-2781-2 , p. 199 f.
  7. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. glatz.html # ew39gltzneurde. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).