Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Subject of the Russian Federation Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Нижегородская область flag coat of arms Federal district Volga surface 76,624  km² population 3,310,597 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) Population density 43 inhabitants / km² Administrative center Nizhny Novgorod Official language Russian Ethnic composition Russians (95.0%) Tatars (1.4%) (as of 2002) governor Valery Shanzev Founded January 14, 1929 Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone prefixes (+7) 831xx Postcodes 603000-607999 License Plate 52, 152 OKATO 22nd ISO 3166-2 RU-NIZ Website www.government.nnov.ru

Coordinates: 56 ° 17 '  N , 44 ° 46'  E

The Nizhny Novgorod Oblast ( Russian: Нижегородская область / Nischegorodskaja oblast ) is an oblast in the eastern part of European Russia in the Volga Federal District .

geography

The oblast is bordered by Kirov Oblast to the north, the Mari El and Chuvash republics to the east, the Republic of Mordovia to the south and Vladimir Oblast to the west . In an area almost as large as Austria , the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast comprises 25 cities and over 4,500 villages. The oblast has an important bridge function between Moscow and the Volga republics and Siberia. The most important traffic connection is the Trans-Siberian Railway .

The oblast lies on the Volga, which is an important traffic axis for shipping , other rivers are the Oka and the Klyasma .

history

The Principality of Nizhny Novgorod was established in the 13th century and became part of Moscow in 1393 . Industrialization began in the second half of the 19th century . During the Soviet era the oblast was called:

• 1929 (briefly): Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
• 1929–1932: Nizhny Novgorod Krai
• 1932-1936: Krai Gorki
• 1936–1990: Gorky Oblast

population

The last censuses in 2002 and 2010 showed a population of 3,524,028 and 3,310,597 residents respectively. The number of inhabitants thus fell by 213,431 people (−6.06%) in these eight years. In 2010, 2,611,497 people lived in cities. This corresponds to 78.88% of the population (in Russia 73%). By January 1, 2014, the population decreased further to 3,281,496 people. The distribution of the different ethnic groups was as follows:

Palace of Culture of Nizhny Novgorod

Population of the oblast by ethnic group

nationality	VZ 1989	percent	VZ 2002	percent	VZ 2010	percent
Russians	3,522,148	94.69	3,346,398	94.96	3,109,661	93.93
Tatars	58,603	1.58	50,609	1.44	44.103	1.33
Mordwinen	36,709	0.99	25,022	0.71	19,138	0.58
Ukrainians	33,344	0.90	24,241	0.69	17,657	0.53
Armenians	1,822	0.05	10,786	0.31	13,294	0.40
Tschuwaschen	12.206	0.33	11,364	0.32	9,765	0.29
Azerbaijanis	3,153	0.08	8,309	0.24	8,494	0.26
Mari	7,942	0.21	7,757	0.22	6,415	0.19
Belarusians	9,265	0.25	6,833	0.19	4,673	0.14
Roma	4,316	0.12	4,373	0.12	4,469	0.13
Jews	12.198	0.33	5,312	0.15	3,769	0.11
Residents	3,719,614	100.00	3,524,028	100.00	3,310,597	100.00

Note: the proportions refer to the total number of inhabitants. Including the group of people who did not provide any information about their ethnic affiliation (2002 758 and 2010 42,349 people)

The area's population is over 90% Russian. The Tatars, Ukrainians and Mordvins are the only significant ethnic minorities in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Their number - like the number of Chuvashes, Mari, Belarusians and Jews - is falling sharply, however. On the other hand, numerous people have immigrated from the Transcaucasus and Central Asia since the end of the Soviet Union. In addition to the Armenians and Azerbaijani, especially the number of Yazidis (2010: 3,781 people) and Tajiks (1989: 528; 2010: 2,145 people).

Administrative division and largest cities

→ Main article : Administrative division of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

The Nizhny Novgorod Oblast is divided into 48 Rajons and 4 urban districts .

The urban districts are made up of the four largest cities in the oblast, the capital and megacity Nizhny Novgorod , the major cities of Dzerzhinsk and Arsamas and the “ closed city ” (SATO) Sarov . There are a total of 28 cities and 55 urban-type settlements in the oblast.

The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral and the port of Nizhny Novgorod

Biggest cities

Surname	Russian name	Residents (October 14, 2010)
Nizhny Novgorod	Нижний Новгород	1,250,619
Dzerzhinsk	Дзержинск	240,742
Arsamas	Арзамас	106,362
Sarov	Саров	92,047
boron	Бор	78.058
Kstowo	Кстово	66,657
Pavlovo	Павлово	60,698
Wyksa	Выкса	56,201
Balachna	Балахна	51,519

See also : List of cities in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

economy

Peat briquette factory in Bor district

The most important branches of industry are car production, mechanical engineering, food processing and the chemical industry.

traffic

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Gorkovskaya zheleznaya doroga

Of the large number of narrow-gauge railways that were built from the 1930s onwards mainly for the transport of wood and peat and were mostly still in operation in the 1980s, only two peat railways remain in the oblast today (as of 2012) The Alzewo peat railway and the Kerschenez peat railway , as well as some factory railways , for example at the Kaprolaktam chemical factory in Dzerzhinsk and at the Peschelan gypsum works near Arsamas .

Web links

Commons : Nizhny Novgorod Oblast  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
• Information on the Oblast in Russian

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)