Olympics
| 2020 in other calendars | |
|---|---|
| From urbe condita | 2773 |
| Armenian calendar | 1468-1469 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 2012-2013 |
| Badi calendar | 176-177 |
| Bengali calendar | 1426-1427 |
| Berber calendar | 2970 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2564 |
| Burmese calendar | 1382 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7528-7529 |
| Chinese calendar | |
| - era | 4716-4717 or 4656-4657 |
| - 60 year cycle | |
|
French revolutionary calendar |
CCXXVIII - CCXXIX 228-229 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5780-5781 |
| Hindu calendar | |
| - Vikram Sambat | 2076-2077 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1942-1943 |
| Iranian calendar | 1398-1399 |
| Islamic calendar | 1441-1442 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| - Nengō (era): | Reiwa 2 |
| - Kōki | 2680 |
| Coptic calendar | 1736-1737 |
| Korean calendar | |
| - Dangun era | 4353 |
| - Juche era | 109 |
| Minguo calendar | 109 |
| Modern Olympics | XXXII |
| Seleucid calendar | 2331-2332 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2563 |
An Olympiad (from the root of the word Ὀλυμπιάδ- Olympiád- of the Greek noun μλυμπιάς Olympiás "Olympic, Olympic Games , victory at the Olympic Games, period between two Olympic Games"; the root of the word is not recognizable in the nominative , but e.g. in the genitive Ὀosυ .μπιάλς ) commonly refers to the four-year period between two Olympic Games. According to its origin, it begins with the opening of the Olympic Games and ends with the moment when the subsequent Olympics begin. According to the modern definition, however, an Olympiad begins at the beginning of the year in which the Summer Olympics are regularly held, which means that it then spans exactly four years. Already in the Greek archaic of the 6th century BC BC, as in some cases today, the name is also used for the Olympic Games themselves.
The year 2020 is in the XXXII (32nd) Olympiad.
Antiquity
According to tradition, the first Olympic Games in Olympia were held in ancient Greece in 776 BC. . Chr held. The list of winners begins this year. It is the starting point of the classical Greek calendar . The counting of the Olympiads was only introduced by the historian Timaios of Tauromenion , who in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. Lived. Only then did the dating of events after the Olympics begin, and the Olympics calculation became the basis of Greek chronology.
Modern times
In 1896 the first modern Olympics began in Athens . The International Olympic Committee defines the Olympiad as the four-year period beginning on January 1st of the year of the Summer Games. The first modern Olympics began on January 1, 1896, the XXXII. Modern Olympics on January 1st, 2020, the year in which the 2020 Summer Olympics should have taken place, which is therefore officially the Games (to celebrate) the XXXII. Olympics are called. The Olympiads are numbered with Roman numerals . Summer games take place in those years that are divisible by four.
The calculation of time in the Olympics is independent of whether the Games take place or not. The 1936 Summer Olympics were the games of the XI. Olympics . After no games were played because of the Second World War in 1940 and 1944 , the sporting events were resumed in 1948 with the games of the XIV Olympiad .
In contrast to the summer games, the winter games are numbered consecutively. The IV Winter Olympics were held in 1936 , but the V Winter Olympics were not held until 1948 . Since 1994 , the Winter Olympics have also taken place in those even years in which there are no summer games. Since then, they have taken place in the middle of every Olympiad.
term
Already in his time (in the 6th century BC) Pindar used the term not only for the four-year period, but also for the organization of the Olympic Games . This also applies to many languages today. In German dictionaries and encyclopedias, the synonymous use for the games has been documented since the 1930s. In English, however, a distinction is made between the period of the Olympiad and the Olympics event .
In German and in other languages, other competitions are named, such as the Chess Olympiad or the German Mathematical Olympiad . Starting with "Olympiad", the suffix -ade has also extended to other sporting events, such as the Maccabiade .
Trademark protection
The terms “Olympiad”, “Olympia” and “Olympic” are protected in Germany by the Olympic Protection Act. Use outside of the events organized or approved by the IOC can lead to claims for damages. However, the constitutionality of the law was questioned by the Darmstadt Regional Court in a meanwhile legally binding judgment (file number 14 O 744/04), which means that the actual legal effect remains questionable.
See also
literature
- Christoph Rieken: The protection of Olympic symbols. Property rights to the Olympic rings and the Olympic names in Germany (= intellectual property and competition law , volume 15), Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2006, ISBN 3-16-149334-6 (dissertation University of Munich 2006, 215 pages).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ὀλυμπιάς II.1. In: A Greek-English Lexicon . Retrieved August 16, 2016 . ; Wilhelm Gemoll: Greek-German school and manual dictionary , Munich / Vienna 1965
- ↑ a b Olympic Charter. (PDF; 653 kB) IOC , July 7, 2007, p. 20 , accessed on February 13, 2010 (English).
- ^ Paul Christesen: Olympic Victor Lists and Ancient Greek History . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York 2007.
- ↑ Pindar, Olympie I, verse 94. Retrieved on August 16, 2016 (see also A Greek-English Lexicon s. V. Ὀλυμπιάς II.1 .).
- ↑ Since when have the Olympic Games been called the Olympics? . On the website of the Society for German Language .
- ↑ Olympiad, the. In: Duden online, accessed on August 10, 2016.
- ↑ http://olympiaschutzgesetz.de/kommentar