Number of victims in the Auschwitz concentration camp
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In the years 1940 to 1945 at least 1.1 million Jews , 140,000 Poles , 20,000 Sinti and Roma as well as more than 10,000 Soviet prisoners of war and more than 10,000 prisoners of other nationalities were deported to the German concentration camps in Auschwitz ( main camp , Birkenau , Monowitz and their subcamps ) . Just over 400,000 prisoners were registered. Of the registered inmates, more than half have died as a result of working conditions, starvation, illness, medical experiments and executions. According to the Polish scientist Franciszek Piper , around 1.1 million people disappeared as a result of the deportations to Auschwitz-Birkenau - 960,000 of them were Jews. These were not registered, and it can be assumed that most of the deportees were murdered shortly after their arrival.
Sources for determining the number of victims
With regard to the files on the deported people, two groups have to be considered separately: the registered and numbered prisoners and the unregistered prisoners who were murdered immediately after arrival. The files and information relating to the registered victims were administered in the camp itself. Documents on the number of unregistered victims had to be destroyed in the camp after every major action, after reporting to the SS Economic and Administrative Main Office ( WVHA) or Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). Some of the documents on the registered prisoners have been preserved. With the exception of three reports to the Main Economic and Administrative Office, the documents on the unregistered prisoners have been destroyed.
The difficulties in determining the exact number of victims continue to arise from the fact that, beginning in July 1944, the SS personnel systematically began to destroy all documents relating to the mass killings and transports to Auschwitz. This covering of tracks continued until the camp was cleared in January 1945.
Estimates by survivors or estimates based on the efficiency and operating time of the crematoria could be used as a further source. These estimates vary widely and are therefore considered by historians to be unsuitable for determining the number of victims.
The documents available outside the Auschwitz concentration camp, especially the transport lists from the regions of origin, contain very precise lists of the deportations and the destination. They have been analyzed by many historians; a research work devoted exclusively to the Auschwitz concentration camps was first carried out by Georges Wellers and Franciszek Piper.
The determination of the number of victims by Wellers and Piper
Many historians were of the opinion that detailed statistics on entries and exits to the Auschwitz concentration camp are not possible due to the sources available. The first researcher who dealt with this problem in detail was the former Auschwitz prisoner Georges Wellers (1905–1991). He made connections between the consequences of the deportations from the individual countries and the events recorded by Danuta Czech in the calendar. He came to the conclusion that at least 1.6 million had been deported to Auschwitz and at least 1.5 million had perished. Wellers published his research in 1983 in Le Monde Juif magazine .
In the course of working on a monograph on the Auschwitz concentration camp, the historian - and head of the historical research department at the Auschwitz Memorial - Franciszek Piper (* 1941) re- examined this complex of topics from 1980 to 1985. Piper confirmed the number of victims determined by Wellers, except for the assumptions made for the deportations from Poland. Here Piper was able to prove that Wellers had assumed an average transport size that was too large for the Polish transports. As a result, Wellers' work on Polish transports was revised down by 320,000.
The works of Wellers and Piper are (as of 2006) the only research that deals exclusively with the number of victims in the Auschwitz concentration camp. The work "The number of victims of Auschwitz" by Franciszek Piper is considered by historians to be the standard work on this subject; since then, earlier estimates have hardly had any significance in specialist circles.
Registered inmates
Based on the sources, 400,207 registered prisoners can be determined with high accuracy. The prisoner numbers were assigned consecutively and only once from one of the six number series separately for women and men. This allows the number of prisoners to be deduced from the highest known number in the series. In contrast, it is difficult to identify the individual groups of inmates. The educational prisoners (EH), Soviet prisoners of war (RKG) and Gypsies (Z) had their own series of numbers, Jews were registered in the general series of numbers, in the series of numbers "Jews Series A" and "Jews Series B" and as prisoners of education (EH) . From the prisoner numbers one can therefore only determine the registered of the gypsy camp (Z) and the Soviet prisoners of war (RKG) as a group directly. Based on the RSHA transports and other data, it emerges that around 205,000 Jews have been registered. In addition to the official files received (i.e. photographs taken during registration, number books, inmate ID sheets, the main books of the gypsy camp and access lists of the newly admitted inmates) as sources, Piper also refers to illegal copies of the access lists made by inmates assigned to the political department .
Entries and unregistered deportees
The unregistered prisoners are determined by subtracting the number of registered prisoners from the entrances to the camp. Thus, from the 1,300,000 camp entries minus the approximately 400,000 registered prisoners, there are 900,000 unregistered deportees who were gassed immediately after arrival. The inventory receipts are as follows:
Jews from Hungary: 438,000
The number and strength of the transports from Hungary are well documented. The individual registration days of Hungarian Jews are listed in the calendar. Telegrams with the total number of deported Jews were regularly sent to the Foreign Office by the German ambassador to Hungary Edmund Veesenmayer . These show that in the period from April 29, 1944 to October 18, 1944, a total of 438,000 Jews were deported to Auschwitz. Almost all research recognizes this number without reservation.
More recent publications on the documents examined contain a list of 137 trains with the date, place of departure and the exact number of deportees with which 401,439 Jews from Hungary via Košice and Slovakia to Auschwitz between May 14, 1944 and July 20, 1944 were brought. For the entire period of the so-called Hungary action, 141 transports are assumed.
Jews from Poland: 300,000
The individual transports of Polish Jews are listed in the calendar, but the exact strength of each transport is not documented. Georges Wellers had mistakenly assumed that each transport has a strength of 5,000. Due to the high risk of error, Piper refrained from taking an average figure for the strength of a single shipment. Piper considered and adopted the allocation of individual transports and the determination of the size of the transports for certain time periods as a more appropriate method.
Jews from France: 69,000
On the basis of the transport lists found in France, Serge Klarsfeld published exact statistics of the Jews deported from France. After that, 69,114 of the 75,721 deported Jews were brought to the Auschwitz concentration camp. A small part of these transports was subjected to a selection in Koźle (Województwo opolskie; German: Cosel, Opole Voivodeship) , and some of the deportees were taken from there to labor camps in Silesia or to the Blechhammer labor camp . Piper therefore notes that the number of 69,000 is to be regarded as an approximate maximum number.
Jews from the Netherlands: 60,000
On the basis of the transport lists it received, the Dutch Institute for War Documentation determined that of the total number of 102,893 Jews deported from Holland between July 15, 1942 and September 1944, 60,085 were deported to Auschwitz in 68 transports. A small part of these transports was subjected to selection in Koźle, and some of the deportees were sent to work camps in Silesia or to the Blechhammer work camp. Piper therefore notes that the number of 60,000 is to be regarded as an approximate maximum number.
Jews from Greece: 55,000
On the basis of various source materials, including the tickets in Greek and German found in the Auschwitz train station after the war, Danuta Czech established that a total of around 55,000 people were deported from Greece to Auschwitz.
Jews from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (Theresienstadt): 46,000
It is assumed that all deportations from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were carried out via the Theresienstadt ghetto.
According to Lagus & Polák , 44,839 people were transported from Theresienstadt to Auschwitz. Piper shows that a transport with 1,260 children was not taken into account and an unspecified transport with 18 people is present. In addition to the transports from Theresienstadt, Wellers has also assigned 2 transports from Sered (Slovakia) to the Theresienstadt ghetto. These were assigned to Slovakia by Piper.
Jews from Slovakia: 27,000
A compilation of the transports prepared by the Jewish headquarters in Bratislava shows that between March 26, 1942 and October 20, 1942, a total of 18,725 Slovak Jews were deported to Auschwitz. Between August and November 1944 a further 7,936 Slovak Jews were deported to Auschwitz; a total of 26,661.
Jews from Belgium: 25,000
Serge Klarsfeld and Maxime Steinberg have compiled the transports of Belgian Jews from the source materials that have been preserved. This means that a total of 24,906 Belgian Jews were deported via the Mechelen transit camp. A small part of these transports was subjected to a selection in Cosel, and some of the deportees were taken to labor camps in Silesia or to the Blechhammer labor camp.
Jews from Germany and Austria: 38,600 (23,000 in direct transport)
128.091 names of murdered Jews are recorded in the memorial book of the Federal Archives in Koblenz . In 38,574 cases, Auschwitz was named as the last place of deportation. At least 23,000 made it straight to Auschwitz. Piper only considered those deported directly to Auschwitz in order to avoid double counting. Those who were deported via other concentration camps are identified in a separate section.
Jews from Yugoslavia: 10,000 to 12,300
The data on the Jews deported from Yugoslavia are only available in fragments. Wellers has listed 10 transports from Yugoslavia and based on the Korherr report on 4 transports in 1942 calculated an average transport strength of 1,232. This gives the number of 12,320 deportees. Piper adopted this analysis and rounded it down to 10,000 deportees.
Jews from Italy: 7,500
According to a compilation of the transports made by Giuliana Donati , a total of 8,369 Jews were deported between September 16 and 18, 1943 and December 14, 1944. At least 7,422 people were deported directly to Auschwitz.
Jews from Norway: 690
According to the Korherr report , a total of 532 people had been deported from Norway by the end of 1942. In the first quarter of 1943 another 158 Jews were transported to Auschwitz. This is confirmed by documents received from the German police authorities.
Jews from transfers from other concentration camps, sub-camps: 34,000
Poland: 140,000 to 150,000
Most of the Poles were registered in the camp and the details of the Polish prisoners were determined on the basis of the registration documents. Based on statements about directly murdered Poles, Piper assumes that at least 10,000 Poles were not registered. Piper admits that the number of unregistered Poles, and thus the total number of Poles, could also be significantly higher.
Soviet prisoners of war: 15,000
Four transports with a total of 3,000 Soviet prisoners of war are known to have been killed without registration. In addition, a further 13,775 Soviet prisoners of war were identified on the basis of the registration. At the last roll call on January 17, 1945, only 92 of them were still alive. In the period between October 1941 and the end of February 1942, 8,320 registered prisoners died. On September 3, 1941, 600 Soviet prisoners died of mass gassing attempts in the basement of Block 11 .
Sinti and Roma
The ledgers hidden by prisoners and found after the war contain 20,946 registered names. Approx. 2000 were transferred to other camps, most of the others died of the usual causes in Auschwitz, and the rest, around 4000, were murdered in the gas chambers on August 1, 1944.
Others: 25,000
Among others, Czechs, Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Yugoslavs, French, Germans and Austrians. These were all registered.
Departures, survivors, death toll
Of the deportees, 223,000 left the camp alive. 188,000 registered and 25,000 unregistered people were transferred to other concentration camps. Many of these prisoners died during the transport, especially on the death marches in the last phase of the war. However, these are not included in the Auschwitz concentration camps. 1,500 prisoners were released and 500 prisoners fled. 8,000 prisoners were released.
In total, at least 1,082,000 deportees were killed or died in the Auschwitz concentration camps . Of these, 202,000 were registered prisoners and 880,000 were unregistered deportees. The victims included 960,000 Jews, 74,000 Poles, 21,000 Sinti and Roma and 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war.
Other numbers of victims
Four million victims
Until the memorial plaques were removed in early 1990, the Auschwitz memorial maintained the number of victims of 2.8–4 million. This figure originally comes from the Polish and Soviet commission of inquiry set up in 1945. Based on the prisoners' statements, this had determined the operating time of the crematoria and set it at the respective maximum capacity of the crematoria. The figure of 5 million victims found was reduced by 20% as the commission assumed that 20% of the operating time would be required for maintenance work on the crematoria.
The Supreme People's Court in Poland has not accepted this figure unreservedly. In the trial against the commander of Auschwitz, Rudolf Höß , it was found that Höß was responsible for the death of at least 2.8 million victims. The court found the number of three to four million only very likely. In the literature, the judge Jan Sehn ensured the spread of the number four million through his treatise "The Auschwitz Concentration and Destruction Camp" (a representation of the evidence gathered during the investigation by Jan Sehn).
The research curator of the Auschwitz State Museum, Wacław Długoborski , stated in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on September 14, 1998:
“Until 1989 there was a ban in Eastern Europe on the number of four million people killed; In the Auschwitz Memorial, employees who doubted the accuracy of the estimate were threatened with disciplinary proceedings. "
One of the first Western historians to question the 4 million figure on the Soviet Commission of Inquiry was the English historian Gerald Reitlinger . As early as 1953 he gave the number of victims in Auschwitz at around one million.
“... The world has become suspicious of such 'estimates' and the round figure of 4 million cannot stand up to serious scrutiny. Unfortunately, Soviet arithmetic has obscured the fact that not much less than a million people perished in Auschwitz, its gas chambers and camps. "
Rudolf Höss
While in Polish captivity, the camp commandant Rudolf Höß wrote his autobiography with very extensive notes on the events in the Auschwitz concentration camp. In doing so, he clarified some of the statements he made before the Nuremberg trial of the main war criminals . In particular, he once again made it clear that the number of victims of 2.5 million is based on the information provided by Adolf Eichmann .
“In previous interrogations, I put the number of Jews sent to Auschwitz for extermination at 2.5 million. This number comes from Eichmann, who gave it to my superior, Gruppenführer Glücks , shortly before Berlin was enclosed, when he was ordered to report to the RFSS ... After every major action in Auschwitz, all documents that could provide information about the number of exterminated had to be be burned according to the RFSS command. [...] I never knew the total number myself, and I have no clues to reproduce it. I only remember the numbers of the major actions that Eichmann or his agent repeatedly mentioned to me. [...]
I think the number 2.5 million is far too high. The possibilities of extermination also had their limits in Auschwitz. The figures given by former prisoners are imaginary and have no basis. "
The sum of the major actions mentioned by Rudolf Höß is 1.13 million. It should be noted that even with these figures, Höß names Adolf Eichmann or his agent as the source . The only calculation from Höß himself shows that from the beginning of 1941 to the end of 1944, a maximum of 1.5 million victims perished. Together with the larger actions (as a minimum number), which Höß did not question, one can say that Rudolf Höß gives the number of victims at 1.2–1.5 million.
It should also be noted here that Höß only ever uses the numbers that were known to him during his term of office. But he was not the only commandant of the extermination camp. After the establishment of the same, he did not work for a long time as their commander, but as an advisor to other concentration camps. He never made any statements about the murdered in his absence.
Western historians before 1990
While in Poland, the USSR, Czechoslovakia and the GDR the number of 4 million was maintained until 1990, the number of victims among Western historians varied to a considerable extent.
Eugen Kogon (1946)
The German publicist Eugen Kogon estimated in his book Der SS-Staat that between 3.5 and 4.5 million people were probably killed in Auschwitz. This estimate was based on the number of victims from the Soviet investigations. The Belzec , Kulmhof (Chelmno) and Sobibor camps are completely missing from Kogon's list . The role of the Einsatzgruppen had not yet been researched at this time. In the absence of more precise information, Kogon assigned the victims to the extermination camps that were known at the time. Of Holocaust deniers of the numbers as the time of publication, the 1974 edition was published, or the Year of 1989 by is by giving credit to God after Auschwitz. Dimensions of the mass murder of the Jewish people named in order to show that the number of victims of historians has deviated greatly even in recent times. These publications still contain estimates from the 1946 publication.
Gerald Reitlinger (1953)
The English historian Gerald Reitlinger wrote in his study The Final Solution , published in 1953 , that a total of 4.2 to 4.7 million Jews were murdered. Reitlinger puts the number of Jews deported to Auschwitz at less than one million (851,000). He gives the people killed in the gas chambers of Auschwitz (Jews and others) as 550,000–600,000 and those who died in the camp as 300,000.
Raul Hilberg (1961)
The Jewish-American historian of Austrian origin Raul Hilberg put the total number of European Jews destroyed in his dissertation The Destruction of the European Jews, which he wrote up to 1955 and published in 1961, at 5.1 million. Hilberg gave the number of one million murdered Jews for the Auschwitz concentration camp. He referred in particular to Danuta Czech's “Calendar of Events in the Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp” , which included a list of the transports leading to Auschwitz.
Martin Gilbert (1982)
In his detailed study Final Solution. The expulsion and extermination of the Jews. In an atlas , the English historian Martin Gilbert puts the number of Jews killed between 1939 and 1945 at 5.7 million. He estimated that between 1942 and 1945 alone, more than two million Jews were gassed in Auschwitz. The addition of the figures for the deportations on the 316 maps of his atlas, however, results in a figure of 1.1 million for Auschwitz.
Georges Wellers (1983)
The French researcher and former prisoner of Auschwitz, Georges Wellers , comes to 1.5 million people who were killed in his study on Auschwitz published in the magazine Le Monde Juif .
Number of victims after 1990
Jean-Claude Pressac (1994)
The former Holocaust denier Jean-Claude Pressac names 631,000 to 711,000 dead in 1994, of which 470,000 to 550,000 unregistered Jews murdered in the gas. These underestimated numbers of victims are based on the one hand on a reduction in cremation capacities and on the other hand on a reduction in the number of deportees.
Among other things, Pressac claims that instead of 438,000 only 160,000 to 240,000 Hungarian Jews were admitted. He calculates these numbers on the basis of 53 entries recorded in Danuta Czech's calendar about the registration of Hungarian Jews, which he multiplied by an average transport strength of 3,000. He did not notice that the 53 registrations do not refer to 53 transports, but to 53 days. These calculations did not take into account the fact that several transports arrived on one day. The latest publications show that in the period from May 14, 1944 to July 20, 1944 alone, 401,439 Jews were deported from Hungary to Auschwitz in 137 trains. A total of 141 transports of Hungarian Jews to the Auschwitz concentration camp are known.
Pressac stated that it had determined an unassailable and secure “minimum value” that could not be questioned by Holocaust deniers. In doing so, he had sometimes interpreted documents in a very idiosyncratic manner, calculated capacities downwards and made some calculation errors. The historian Franciszek Piper has shown that Pressac had made serious methodological errors with regard to the number of victims and therefore came to wrong results: “Despite the great value of his publication with regard to the source material presented (construction plans, letters, statements), Pressac's conclusions are often contradictory . In general, he endeavors to minimize the number of victims, to reduce the capacity of the crematoria and gas chambers and to postpone the timing of certain decisions and measures. ”“ It is to Pressac's merit, on the basis of an analysis of the German documents especially the construction plans to have proven beyond doubt the existence of the gas chambers in the Auschwitz concentration camp. Unfortunately, the distrust of written documents, including German documents, often leads this author to completely wrong contestations. "
Fritjof Meyer (2002)
The journalist Fritjof Meyer wrote about The Victims of Auschwitz. New findings through new archive finds in the journal Osteuropa (No. 5/2002) once again triggered a controversy about the number of victims. According to Meyer's calculations, the number of victims is 510,000 dead, of which 356,000 were gassed. Meyer's theses are based on two lines of argument. Essentially, the crematorium capacity is used as a benchmark for determining the number of victims. On the basis of a key document that was only recently found and a statement made by Commandant Hoess about their useful life, a new determination of the number of victims would be made possible. This thesis is backed up with the assertion that the deportation to the camp did not have the scope described by Piper. Meyer reduces the number of inmates in the camp from 1.3 million to 915,000 by underestimating the number of Hungarian Jews and Polish Jews.
In a review, Franciszek Piper showed in detail the errors in Meyer's argumentation and described many of his assumptions as pure speculation due to a lack of sources. Among other things, Piper has proven that the “new findings from archive finds” presented by Meyer have long been known and have been taken into account by research. In this respect, Meyer's interpretation of these long-known documents is an individual opinion and has no relevance for research. The employee of the Information Service Against Right-Wing Extremism (IDGR) Albrecht Kolthoff said: "Meyer is not a Holocaust denier, because he does not deny that many Jews were killed by the Nazis - he only uses the arguments of Holocaust deniers."
Because of the strong response in right-wing extremist circles, Fritjof Meyer ended the public discussion at IDGR at his own request.
Fragmentary sources
Auschwitz death books and camp lists
The special archive of the Moscow State Military Archives contained the fragmentary surviving death books of the Auschwitz concentration camp. In 1990, 46 volumes of files were handed over to the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum . The data in the death registers contain 69,272 entries. They refer to the period from August 4, 1941 to December 31, 1943. 69,182 entries contain both the date of birth and the date of death.
In addition, the general ledger of the so-called Gypsy camp with 20,957 entries has been preserved. The Polish political prisoner Tadeusz Joachimowski (prisoner no. 3720), who had to work as a clerk for the Rapportführer, was able to secretly steal the two books from the office in July 1944 - shortly before this part of the camp was closed on August 2, 1944 - and with them Bury the help of two other prisoners. The books were rediscovered in 1949. They are in the museum's holdings. The birthday is known for 20,818 entries. The day of death could be determined for 9,183 entries. This data can be accessed on the museum's website using a search mask.
Holocaust deniers claim this is the only reliable source of the number of victims. The fact that there were children and old people among the deceased would be irrefutable evidence against the claim that selections took place. However, the analysis of the age structure of the deceased paints a different picture. The death dates of the "gypsy camp" - which was a family camp - shows the typical age distribution with a high child mortality rate. The age distribution especially of the Jewish (in the linguistic usage at the time “Mosaic” ) deceased shows a clear focus between 15 and 55 years, the typical age range of those selected as “fit for work”. In particular, no children under 10 years of age are recorded among the Jewish deceased, while in the Gypsy family camp this age group is the focus of the deceased.
With the end of the “Polish period” and the beginning of the “Jewish period” - i.e. H. With the increasing number of Jewish prisoner transports in 1942, the proportion of Jewish deaths in the death books also rises initially. With the commissioning of the Birkenau crematoria in 1943, the proportion of Jewish deaths in the death books fell rapidly, although the number of Jewish transports increased. The systematic extermination on a large scale had begun, the Jews were no longer registered in the camp or in the death books. The data in the death registers thus document that the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp changed from a labor camp to an extermination camp for the Jews in 1943.
The museum's archive also has originals that were unearthed on the site of the former Groß-Rosen concentration camp in the 1950s and of copies made available by the International Tracing Service of the Red Cross ( ITS ) Arolsen . Parts of the prisoner photo card file exist.
Tables
| designation | Men | Women | total |
|---|---|---|---|
| General | 202,499 | 89,325 | 291,824 |
| Jews Series A | 20,000 | 29,354 | 49,354 |
| Jews series B | 14,897 | - | 14,897 |
| Educational prisoners (EH) | 9,193 | 1.993 | 11,186 |
| Soviet prisoners of war (RKG) | 11,964 | - | 11,964 |
| Gypsy (Z) | 10.094 | 10,888 | 20,982 |
| All in all | 268,647 | 131,560 | 400.207 |
| country | Number of deportees |
|---|---|
| Jews from Hungary | 438,000 |
| Jews from Poland | 300,000 |
| Jews from France | 69,000 |
| Jews from the Netherlands | 60,000 |
| Jews from Greece | 55,000 |
| Jews from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (Theresienstadt) | 46,000 |
| Jews from Slovakia | 27,000 |
| Jews from Belgium | 25,000 |
| Jews from Germany and Austria | 23,000 |
| Jews from Yugoslavia | 10,000 |
| Jews from Italy | 7,500 |
| Jews from Norway | 690 |
| Jews from other concentration camps, sub-camps, and other locations | 34,000 |
| Poland | 147,000 |
| Gypsies | 23,000 |
| Soviet prisoners of war | 15,000 |
| Other | 25,000 |
| All in all | 1,305,190 |
| reason | Number of inmates |
|---|---|
| Relocated to other concentration camps (registered) | 188,000 |
| Relocated to other concentration camps (not registered) | 25,000 |
| Exempted Registered | 8,000 |
| Dismissed Registered | 1,500 |
| Escaped registered | 500 |
| All in all | 223,000 |
| Year and month | All in all | Hungary | Poland | France | Netherlands | Greece | Bohemia and Moravia |
Slovakia | Belgium | Germany and Austria |
Yugoslavia | Italy | Norway | other concentration camps , sub-camps |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1940-1941 | 1,500 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1,500 |
| 1942 February | ? | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ? | - | - | - | - |
| 1942 March | 3.112 | - | - | 1,112 | - | - | - | 2,000 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1942 April | 8.004 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8.004 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1942 May | 7,716 | - | 6.130 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 586 | - | - | - | 1,000 |
| 1942 June | 21,496 | - | 16,000 | 4.037 | - | - | - | 1,059 | - | - | - | - | - | 400 |
| 1942 July | 19,465 | - | - | 7,930 | 5,978 | - | - | 4,810 | - | 510 | - | - | - | 237 |
| 1942 August | 41,960 | - | 13,000 | 13,123 | 6.265 | - | - | - | 5,990 | - | 3,500 | - | - | 82 |
| 1942 September | 26,591 | - | - | 12.134 | 6,675 | - | - | 1,992 | 5,790 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1942 October | 22,841 | - | - | - | 11,965 | - | 1,866 | 860 | 4,841 | 759 | 1,500 | - | - | 1,050 |
| 1942 November | 28,000 | - | 18,000 | 3,745 | 5,199 | - | - | - | - | 1,001 | - | - | - | 55 |
| 1942 December | 18,025 | - | 14,000 | - | 2,496 | - | - | - | - | 997 | - | - | 532 | - |
| 1943 January | 57,605 | - | 44,246 | - | 3,594 | - | 6,000 | - | 1,555 | 2.210 | - | - | - | - |
| 1943 February | 21,039 | - | 8,682 | 2,998 | 4,283 | - | 1,001 | - | - | 4,075 | - | - | - | - |
| 1943 March | 26,360 | - | 7,000 | 1,000 | - | 10,002 | - | - | - | 8,200 | - | - | 158 | - |
| 1943 April | 28,034 | - | - | - | - | 24,921 | - | - | 1,400 | 1,688 | - | - | - | 25th |
| 1943 May | 16,325 | - | 1,000 | - | - | 10,930 | - | - | - | 395 | 4,000 | - | - | - |
| 1943 June | 9,479 | - | 6,145 | 1,018 | - | 880 | - | - | - | 360 | - | - | - | 1,076 |
| 1943 July | 7,194 | - | - | 2,000 | - | - | - | - | 1,553 | - | - | - | - | 3,641 |
| 1943 August | 50.105 | - | 45,926 | - | 2.005 | 1,800 | - | - | - | 374 | - | - | - | - |
| 1943 September | 23,330 | - | 12,800 | 1,000 | 2,971 | - | 5,007 | - | 1,425 | 127 | - | - | - | - |
| 1943 October | 8,688 | - | 1,386 | 2,000 | 1.007 | - | 1.313 | - | - | 148 | - | 1,031 | - | 1,803 |
| 1943 November | 13,620 | - | 8,501 | 1,200 | 2.144 | - | - | - | - | 69 | - | 415 | - | 1,291 |
| 1943 December | 8,577 | - | 800 | 1,850 | - | - | 5,007 | - | - | 79 | - | 215 | - | 626 |
| 1944 January | 6,434 | - | 2,000 | 1,155 | 949 | - | - | - | 657 | 83 | - | 584 | - | 1006 |
| 1944 February | 4,774 | - | 104 | 2.714 | 1,015 | - | - | - | - | 50 | - | 485 | - | 406 |
| 1944 March | 4,557 | - | 679 | 2,501 | 1,331 | - | - | - | - | 32 | - | - | - | 14th |
| 1944 April | 8,666 | 1,800 | 564 | 2,504 | 240 | 1,500 | - | - | 625 | 61 | - | 606 | - | 766 |
| 1944 May | 228,674 | 215,436 | 27 | 2,200 | 453 | - | 7,503 | - | 507 | 560 | - | 575 | - | 1,413 |
| 1944 June | 169.345 | 164.425 | 761 | 1,100 | 496 | 2,000 | - | - | - | 46 | - | 517 | - | - |
| 1944 July | 72,419 | 55,741 | 9,811 | 1,300 | - | - | - | - | 563 | 485 | - | 1,805 | - | 2.714 |
| 1944 August | 17,218 | 131 | 4,509 | 493 | - | 2,500 | - | - | - | 56 | - | 250 | - | 9,279 |
| 1944 September | 10,416 | - | 3,393 | - | 1,019 | - | 3,999 | - | - | 68 | - | - | - | 1.937 |
| 1944 Aug-Sep | 65,000 | - | 65,000 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1944 October | 18.101 | 152 | - | - | - | - | 14,403 | - | - | 31 | - | 102 | - | 3,413 |
| 1944 November | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1944 Aug-Nov | 7,936 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7,936 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1944 December | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1945 January | 14th | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14th | - | - | - | - |
| different dates | 1,837 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1,000 | 837 | - | - |
| All in all | 1,084,457 | 437,685 | 290.464 | 69.114 | 60,085 | 54,533 | 46,099 | 26,661 | 24,906 | 23,064 | 10,000 | 7,422 | 690 | 33,734 |
The figures on which the tables are based come from the insert or the tabular list in Franciszek Piper: The number of victims of Auschwitz. ISBN 83-85047-17-4 . In the case of the time table, it should be noted that in the case of Yugoslavia and Italy, the total numbers could not be fully assigned to the periods. This difference is shown in the last column "different data". Another problem is that transport strengths (mostly in the range of 500 or 1000 rounded) were added up to exact individual numbers; the total numbers are then to be rounded accordingly. This rounding has been omitted because of the better verifiability. In some cases, selections during the transport (e.g. in Cosel) were not included in the tables due to a lack of figures. Whether or not selections have taken place can be found in the sections on the countries of origin.
See also
- Gas chambers and crematoria of the Auschwitz concentration camp
- Prisoners in the Auschwitz concentration camp
- Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
- List of concentration camps in the German Reich
- Extermination camp
- Deportation of German Jews
- Holocaust denial
literature
- Franciszek Piper : The number of victims of Auschwitz. Auschwitz State Museum, 1993, ISBN 83-85047-17-4 .
- Danuta Czech : Calendar of events in Auschwitz Birkenau concentration camp 1939–1945 . Rowohlt, Reinbek 1989.
- Jan Sehn ( arr .): Oświe̜cim-Brzezinka concentration camp (Auschwitz-Birkenau). Based on documents and sources of evidence. Ed. Central Commission for (or “for”) the investigation of Nazi crimes in Poland, Główna Komisja badania zbrodni hitlerowskich w Polsce. Translation by Rita Tertel. Warsaw 1957.
Web links
- Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial
- Holocaust History Project - The controversy surrounding Fritjof Meyer's article in Eastern Europe
Individual evidence
- ↑ Franciszer, Piper. Auschwitz: How Many Perished: Jews, Poles, Gypsies. 1991. p. 52.
- ↑ Jochen August: History and Topography of Auschwitz-Birkenau , p. 12, article from the Hamburg Institute for Social Research (ed.): Die Auschwitz-Hefte Volume 1 & 2 , Weinheim / Basel 2007.
- ↑ z. B. Memorial book, Victims of the persecution of Jews under the National Socialist tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 (2007), online since December 2007: Introduction .
- ^ Essai de détermination du nombre de morts au Camp d'Auschwitz . In: Le Monde juif : La revue du Center de documentation juive contemporaine, ISSN 0026-9425 . 1983, pp. 127-159.
- ^ Franciszek Piper: The number of victims of Auschwitz . Verlag Staatliches Museum in Oswiecim, Oswiecim 1993, ISBN 83-8504717-4 , p. 57 f .
- ↑ Szita Szabolcs: “Utak a pokolból. Magyar deportáltak az annektált Ausztriában 1944–1945 “, Kecskemét 1991, pp. 21f.
- ↑ Christian Gerlach, Götz Aly: The last chapter. The murder of the Hungarian Jews, Stuttgart / Munich, 2002
- ↑ Martin Gilbert: Final Solution. The expulsion and extermination of the Jews. An atlas. Reinbek near Hamburg 1982
- ^ Serge Klarsfeld: Memorial to the Jews deported from France 1942-1944. New York 1983
- ^ Danuta Czech: Deportation and extermination of the Greek Jews in KL Auschwitz. Booklets from Auschwitz 11, 1970
- ^ Hans Günther Adler : Theresienstadt 1941–1945. The face of a coercive community. Tuebingen 1955
- ^ Serge Klarsfeld, Maxime Steinberg: Memorial de la deportation des Juifs Belgique. Brussels 1982
- ↑ Commemorative Book: Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Koblenz 1986
- ↑ a b Korherr report
- ↑ Ebrei in Italia, Deportatione, Resistenza, Fierenze 1975
- ↑ Jerzy Brandhuber: Soviet prisoners of war in the Auschwitz concentration camp, Auschwitz booklets, 1961, p. 46.
- ^ Höß declaration of April 24, 1946. In: Gustave M. Gilbert: Nürnberger Tagebuch . Fischer Taschenbuchverlag Frankfurt / M. 1962, ISBN 3-596-21885-3 , pp. 448-450.
- ↑ Eugen Kogon, Johann B. Metz, Elie Wiesel: Gott nach Auschwitz. Dimensions of the mass murder of the Jewish people Herder in 1989
- ^ Raul Hilberg: The Destruction of European Jews, Volume 3 , Frankfurt am Main 1990, p. 1299.
- ↑ Raul Hilberg: The Destruction of European Jews, Volume 2 , Frankfurt am Main 1990, p. 955 / footnote: Danuta Czech: Calendar of events in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp in Auschwitz booklets , Volumes 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 & 8, 1959-1964.
- ^ Jean-Claude Pressac: The crematoria of Auschwitz . Munich 1994, p. 202.
- ^ Franciszek Piper, Fritjof Meyer: The number of victims of Auschwitz. New findings through new archive finds . ( Memento of January 25, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) In: Osteuropa , 5/2002 (vol. 52), pp. 631–641 (review article - 2.XII.2003).
- ^ Meyer's account and the controversy
- ↑ a b auschwitz.org. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 27, 2008 ; Retrieved October 9, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Search access to the entries in the death books and the gypsy camp ( memento of the original from January 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Thomas Grotum: Securing and improved indexing of an archive inventory: The example of Auschwitz-Birkenau . ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: EDV-Tage Theuern 1995 . Conference report, ed. from the Mining and Industry Museum in East Bavaria, from the House of Bavarian History and from the State Office for Non-State Museums, Munich / Theuern 1996, pp. 60–69. Especially for comparing the various databases.
- ↑ with 133 pages; a previous version from 1955 had 63 pages, with illustrations and sketches: Vlg. Wydawnictwo prawnicze, Warszawa, both available in the DNB . The long barrel. also in English ( The Concentration Camp A.-Br. , The Chief Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in Poland, 1957) and Polish ( Obóz koncentracyjny Oświe̜cim-Brzezinka , 1956). From 1956 to 1964, Sehn edited a total of five volumes of his investigations in Polish, which (except for volume 4) are available at the DNB in Leipzig. On January 27, 1945, Sehn came to the liberated Auschwitz as a lawyer and immediately began to document the mass murder.
