Pasteurella multocida
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| ( Lehmann & Neumann 1899) Rosenbusch & Merchant 1939 |
Pasteurella multocida (after Louis Pasteur and from Latin multus and caedo = killing a lot) is anegative, facultatively anaerobic and immobile bacterium from the Pasteurellaceae family with anegative Gram coloration . It is a 0.3 to 1.25 µm long short rod that is found mainly in the oral flora of dogs and cats.
Pasteurella multocida forms indole and hydrogen sulfide , does not break down lactose and usually does not cause hemolysis . Different subtypes are distinguished according to the proteins found in the capsule. The pathogen detected from organ smears and fresh cultures shows a typical staining of the poles when stained with methylene blue . P. multocida produces the Pasteurella multocida toxin .
Diseases
Pasteurella multocida is responsible for a number of diseases in mammals and birds known as pasteurellosis , along with infections caused by Mannheimia haemolytica (formerly Pasteurella haemolytica ) . Diseases often take an acute course as septicemia , but also as an infection of the respiratory tract or the gastrointestinal tract . The pathogen also plays a major role as a secondary pathogen in viral diseases of the respiratory system . Although unspecific diseases occur in humans ( zoonosis ), the virulence of the pathogen for humans is low. Human infections (wound infections, sepsis, meningitis, rarely pneumonia and pleural empyema) are mainly caused by cat bites or scratches, more rarely other animal bites. Due to the sometimes rapid progression, they force a rapid therapy regimen with aminopenicillins (e.g. amoxicillin , also in combination with a beta-lactamase inhibitor such as clavulanic acid ) or a cephalosporin such as ceftriaxone or cefotaxime . Also moxifloxacin , doxycycline and ampicillin can be considered.
Specific diseases caused by Pasteurella multocida are:
- Game and cattle disease (syn. Haemorrhagic septicemia in cattle , pasteurellosis in cattle ), acute pasteurellosis in calves
- Pasteurellosis of the equidae
- Pasteurellosis in pigs ( syn.hemorrhagic septicemia of pigs , pig disease , pig septicemia )
- Sheep pasteurellosis ( syn.enzootic pneumonia in sheep , haemorrhagic septicemia in sheep , sheep defiance )
- Goat pasteurellosis
- Rabbit pasteurellosis (syn. Hemorrhagic septicemia of the rabbit ), contagious rabbit cold
- Pasteurellosis of the guinea pig
- Poultry cholera ("lobular disease")
- Rhinitis atrophicans ("sniffing disease")
- The pathogen may be responsible for the mass deaths of saiga antelopes in Kazakhstan .
As a secondary pathogen, Pasteurella multocida plays a role in the
- Breast disease of the horse
- Enzootic pneumonia in pigs and calves
literature
- Karl Bernhard Lehmann , Rudolf O. Neumann: Atlas and outline of bacteriology and textbook of special bacteriological diagnostics . Lehmann, Munich 1899.
- Marianne Abele-Horn: Antimicrobial Therapy. Decision support for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. With the collaboration of Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz and August Stich, 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4 , p. 265.
Individual evidence
- ^ Marianne Abele-Horn (2009).
- ^ Marianne Abele-Horn (2009).
- ↑ Richard A. Kock, Mukhit Orynbayev, Sarah Robinson, Steffen Zuther, Navinder J. Singh, Wendy Beauvais, Eric R. Morgan, Aslan Kerimbayev, Sergei Khomenko, Henny M. Martineau, Rashida Rystaeva, Zamira Omarova, Sara Wolfs, Florent Hawotte , Julien Radoux and Eleanor J. Milner-Gulland: Saigas on the brink: Multidisciplinary analysis of the factors influencing mass mortality events . Science Advances 17 Jan 2018: Vol. 4, no.1, eaao2314, DOI: 10.1126 / sciadv.aao2314 .