Paul Dickopf

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Paul (Paulinus) Dickopf (born June 9, 1910 in Müschenbach , † September 19, 1973 in Bonn ) was a Nazi criminal investigator and double agent who became the architect in the post-war period when building the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA). He was President of the BKA from 1965 to 1971 and at the same time continued to work for the CIA . He shaped the BKA and its work largely by transferring the structures and terminology of National Socialism.

Career

Dickopf in Wehrmacht uniform in June 1935

Dickopf was born on June 9, 1910 in Müschenbach in the Westerwald as the son of an elementary school teacher. He attended a reform high school until 1928 and, according to his own statements, passed his school leaving examination with the grade “good”. The forest science course he was aiming for was denied to him because of the numerus clausus . In the following years he studied (partly as a guest student) administrative law in Frankfurt a. M. and Vienna and earned his living as a working student. In the summer of 1932 he enrolled in Frankfurt for a law degree. In 1933 he joined the NS student union . After dropping out of his studies after six semesters in 1936, after completing voluntary military service, he applied to the criminal police . He passed the aptitude test in 1937. On June 1, 1937, he was appointed to the criminal police control center in Frankfurt a. M. used. After completing a course at the leadership school of the security police in Berlin-Charlottenburg , he passed the examination to become a detective commissioner in June 1939 and became SS-Untersturmführer in the security service (SD) . Appointed head of the criminal investigation service for Baden in Karlsruhe, changed in October 1939 to the management post of the criminal investigation liaison with the military district command in Stuttgart. During the war he served in the military defense . In 1941 he was awarded the War Merit Cross, Second Class with Swords.

Espionage

Around June 1942 Dickopf received a personal message from the top management of the counter-espionage that he was scheduled for a deployment in Switzerland. The induction will take place in Paris, after which he will work under the name "Peter Dorr" as an employee of the Reichsbahnzentrale for German tourism in Zurich. In later statements and biographical notes, Dickopf repeatedly claimed to have “fled” to Paris and from there to Switzerland as an “opponent of the regime”.

At the beginning of August 1942 he traveled to Paris to report to the local traffic control center for training. After three months he returned to Stuttgart and explained to an employee that he had not been able to speak to the office manager in Paris, but that he had discovered another interesting intelligence matter there. He returned to Paris, in December 1942 he moved to Brussels . By the spring of 1943 there was a gap in his biography. At this time his friend was François Genoud worked, of a V-man Stuttgart in the defense went in and out. Dickopf learned from Genoud that people were concerned about his absence and that he was believed to be in the south of France. When his authorities began to investigate him in Brussels, he decided to "leave quickly". On the night of July 17, 1943, Dickopf entered Swiss soil across the green border.

Until the end of January 1944, Dickopf was on the payroll of the Karlsruhe Criminal Police. After his official disappearance, the salary was paid to Dickopf's wife by the financial authorities of the Karlsruhe police. An arrest warrant against Dickopf was issued in October 1944.

Escape to Switzerland and arrest

With the help of Genoud, the legend of the defected German defender should now be built. Under an alias, Dickopf received a Swiss refugee passport and permission to stay in Lausanne, Genoud's place of residence. Apparently, doubts arose with the Swiss authorities, because on August 8, 1944, Dickopf, Genoud and his wife, as well as Dickopf's Brussels landlord, Muhidin Daouk, a Lebanese, were arrested. The investigations were carried out by the Groupe du Lac of the security service at the Army High Command. When he was arrested, several real and fake identity papers were found with the aliases Peter Diekmann, André Jung, André Donaldsen and Hans Hardegg. In addition, Dickopf's criminal service badge, his ID card from the Karlsruhe Criminal Investigation Department, his SS driver's license, passports and a manipulated ID from the military district command V were seized by the Swiss federal prosecutor's office in mid-November. As an intern, Dickopf was forced to stay in a hotel near Bern. During this time he wrote several reports on the organization and functioning of the German intelligence services.

According to investigations available today, this “escape” is likely to be part of the intelligence legend intended for him. In fact, from April 16, 1943, until the end of the war, he was listed as "missing" in the wanted book, although it was unusual to search for missing persons with an arrest warrant. Hans Jakob Stehle wrote in 1977 in the time , Dickopf had not tendered after his "escape" to Genoud in Switzerland, only its host country and the American secret service, but above all information to Munich for Martin Bormann Party Chancellery delivered. The cooperation as a “classic double agent” with the CIA is presented in detail by Dieter Schenk. Schenk sees this cooperation as the basis for Dickopf's later influence on the establishment of the BKA through his recommendations to the CIA, which the Allied authorities passed on to German authorities. "Dickopf's position as a now recognized expert was so dominant that he significantly influenced the CIA on these issues, which in turn influenced the American High Commissioner."

After 1945

On October 10, 1945, he received a written notification from the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office that he had been released from the status of political refugee. With a recommendation from the OSS , the American military defense system, drawn up by an employee of Allen Welsh Dulles , he finally returned to Germany in February 1947 - after several previous short stays. From 1948 he had regular contact with a liaison officer of the Central Intelligence Agency .

In May 1950, Dickopf was employed by the Federal Ministry of the Interior as a government and criminal adviser . Under the first BKA President Max Hagemann since 1951 he was involved in the establishment of the office. In 1952, after the BKA was accepted into the International Criminal Police Organization ICPO ( Interpol ), he became head of the German Interpol central office. From November 1952 Dickopf acted as permanent representative of the BKA President Reinhard Dullien . After his retirement, he became the fourth BKA president in January 1965.

When he was inaugurated on February 19, 1965, Hermann Höcherl said: "At no time did you make pacts with National Socialism ."

In 1968 he was elected President of Interpol, which Dickopf supposedly owed to François Genoud's good contacts with the Arab camp. Dickopf's administration at the BKA came under increasing criticism. He was accused of incompetence, inability to rationalize work processes, a lack of cooperation with the state criminal investigation offices and errors in combating crime. In 1971, Dickopf finally retired, and on July 1 he resigned from all other offices. Despite all the criticism, the then Interior Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher called him in his farewell speech "a role model for the entire German police force".

Processing of the infiltration of the BKA by former Nazis

In the investigations of Armand Mergens , Wilhelm Dietl , Dieter Schenk , Patrick Wagner and the historians commissioned by the BKA to come to terms with the history of the office, it is shown that Dickopf and his team of former party members and members of the SS have secretly been responsible for the BKA for the would have dominated the following 20 years. Dickopf had turned the BKA into a "care institution for old Nazis and criminals". The concepts of National Socialism on crime and the fight against crime were continued by Dickopf and his employees in the BKA, which is particularly clear from the example of the Sinti and Roma .

After death

The street in Meckenheim near Bonn, where the BKA has a branch, was named after Paul Dickopf . At the request of the BKA, which referred to the latest research results of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg on Dickopf's past, the main committee of the City Council of Meckenheim decided on September 21, 2011 to rename it to Gerhard-Boeden- Strasse on June 25, 2012 In his place of birth Müschenbach a street is named after Dickopf.

Links to the CIA during his presidency

According to documents from the Washington National Archives, which were released in 2007, the US secret service CIA made payments to Dickopf from 1965 to 1971, commensurate with his tenure as BKA president. The US secret service itself listed him as a unilateral agent . The former European head of the CIA reported in a note to Dickopf: "Our fundamental relationship with Mr. Dickopf is a secret way, but official contacts as a cover for meeting with him used" . The CIA revealed to Dickopf information about top officials as well as internal matters of the BKA and other authorities. His code name as a CIA informant was "Caravel", agent number 09610, his agent leader was Thomas Polgar .

Documentation

literature

  • Dieter Schenk : The brown roots of the BKA. Revised edition. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-596-15782-X ( Fischer 15782 The time of National Socialism ).

Web links

Commons : Paul Dickopf  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lt. Schenk's membership lasted from May 13, 1933 to June 1937; Dickopf shortened this membership several times in his various résumés.
  2. ^ Paul Dickopf: Crimea. Komm. Anw. (PDF) Criminal Police Office Karlsruhe, January 15, 1939, accessed on April 12, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Dieter Schenk: The brown roots of the BKA. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-596-15782-X , p. 61 f.
  4. ↑ Dieter Schenk: The brown roots of the BKA. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-596-15782-X , p. 89.
  5. ^ Application for Employment in the Federal Criminal Police. (PDF) Central Intelligence Agency , December 1, 1949, accessed April 12, 2015 .
  6. ↑ SS-Untersturmführer Paul Dickopf SS-Nr .: 337259. (PDF) Kriminalpolizeistelle Karlsruhe, October 23, 1944, accessed on April 12, 2015 .
  7. ↑ Dieter Schenk: The brown roots of the BKA. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-596-15782-X , p. 94f.
  8. ↑ Dieter Schenk: The brown roots of the BKA. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-596-15782-X , p. 93.
  9. ↑ Hansjakob Stehle: Martin Bormann in the west-eastern twilight , Die Zeit from June 6, 1997 .
  10. ↑ dieter-schenk.info (PDF)
  11. ↑ Dieter Schenk: The brown roots of the BKA. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-596-15782-X , p. 111.
  12. ↑ Lip service to the rule of law. In: Der Spiegel , No. 15/2011, p. 42.
  13. ↑ Dieter Schenk: The brown roots of the BKA. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-596-15782-X , p. 271.
  14. ↑ spiegel.de
  15. ↑ According to Schenk, this emerges from an unpublished Spiegel dossier, cf. P. 303.
  16. ↑ Dieter Schenk: The brown roots of the BKA. Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-596-15782-X , p. 300f.
  17. ↑ dieter-schenk.info
  18. ↑ BKA Police + Research. (No longer available online.) In: bka.de. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016 ; accessed on January 30, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bka.de
  19. ↑ Tanjev Schultz: BKA distances itself from its brown roots. Süddeutsche Zeitung , June 25, 2012, accessed on May 22, 2013 .
  20. ↑ BKA: Name the street after Boeden ( memento of the original from November 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Martin Luther University press release from September 16, 2011 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pressespiegel.pr.uni-halle.de
  21. ^ Renaming of Paul-Dickopf-Strasse. May 18, 2012, accessed April 13, 2015 .
  22. ↑ Memorandum v. August 30, 1968; Approved document from the holdings of the CIA Digitalisat (PDF; 389 kB) accessed on September 13, 2013; s. a. the extensive CIA released files ( list ) on foia.cia.gov .
  23. ↑ German internals for the USA: BKA boss was CIA agent n-tv article from June 19, 2011
  24. ^ Research group: President of the Federal Criminal Police Office received money from the CIA. In: Spiegel Online . April 10, 2011, accessed January 30, 2016 .
  25. ↑ Dieter Schenk : Personal continuities after 1945 in the police (BKA) , lecture as part of the series "60 years after the end of the war - The long shadow of the Nazi regime and German society", October 25, 2005, Topography of Terror
personal data
SURNAME Dickopf, Paul
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dickopf, Paulinus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German criminalist, President of the Federal Criminal Police Office (1965–1971)
DATE OF BIRTH June 9, 1910
PLACE OF BIRTH Müschenbach
DATE OF DEATH 19th September 1973
Place of death Bonn