Pauluskirche (Ulm)
The Pauluskirche in Ulm was built as a Protestant garrison church between 1908 and 1910 north of the old cemetery on Frauenstrasse by the architect Theodor Fischer . It is the parish church of the Paulus community in Ulm. Due to the good acoustics, it is considered 'the' concert church in the wide area.
Building history
The minutes of the Ulm Council show that the Royal War Ministry intended to build its own garrison church in Ulm as early as 1864. However, this project was rejected by the Chamber of Deputies and the Assembly of the Estates of the Kingdom of Württemberg, u. a. with the note that there is freedom of conscience and that military personnel cannot be ordered to go to church. Only after the establishment of a Protestant garrison church in Ludwigsburg and the Catholic garrison church in Ulm ( St. Georg ) was a competition announced in 1905 for the construction of a Protestant garrison church in Ulm, which should have 2000 seats. On December 12, 1906, the design by the architect Theodor Fischer with the motto “ain veste bvrg” was selected from seven submitted competition entries . After some changes to the design, construction began on April 1, 1908; Fischer's employee Eduard Brill was in charge of construction . The foundation stone was laid on August 20, 1908 in the presence of the King and Duke Albrechts. The inauguration took place on November 5, 1910 in the presence of the royal couple.
architecture
Theodor Fischer built the Pauluskirche as one of the first concrete churches in Germany. It takes up individual elements of Art Nouveau and Romanesque . The twin towers follow on from the village church in Gaggstatt, which he built between 1902 and 1905 . The Pauluskirche is characterized by the fact that exposed concrete was used for the vault in the nave in one of the first sacred buildings in Germany . The wide-span vault has no pillars and is held in place by concrete trusses in the form of the so-called fisherman's arch . The two grenade-shaped towers in the east, more than 50 meters high, are intended to be reminiscent of Syrian domes. In the west of the ship is a cylindrical part of the building with the organ gallery partially in front of it. The heraldic animals on the column bases of the entrance hall, the Staufer lion and the Württemberg deer, are also made of concrete. The back wall of the altar bears a painted crucifix by Adolf Hölzel .
The interior of the church was significantly redesigned in the 1960s. Among other things, it was equipped with a patterned terrazzo floor, a pedestal in the altar area, a lectern, new painting of the eastern front of the ship (with themes from the Revelation of John ) and new windows. Many original Art Nouveau elements were lost in the process. a. Colored glazing by the painter Franz Mutzenbecher was part of it.
function
military
Today the Pauluskirche is primarily the parish church for the Protestant parishioners in the east of Ulm. Nevertheless, it still serves the military pastoral care and for the church services of the Ulm military chaplains . Again and again there are minor protests against the military concerts in the Pauluskirche.
Vesper Church Ulm
In the post-Christmas period, a special social project takes place for a few weeks each year, the so-called Vesper Church in Ulm . The poor and needy receive a warm meal at a rather symbolic price or a snack package. The offers also include medical care (e.g. a flu vaccination), talks on crisis management and life counseling.
Everyone who needs help is invited: Initially around 70 people came, now up to 600 a day. The organizers attach great importance to the fact that everyone who is looking for help in the Vesper Church, whether homeless , prostitute , long-term unemployed , refugees, drug addicts or the mentally ill, is welcome there. They should not only receive food, but also be able to make new social contacts. Since well-off people can also take part in the meal for a higher price, people from all walks of life sit together at the table and start talking.
The project is led by parish priest Peter Heiter. He is supported by private donations, the staff of the Evangelical Church Community Ulm and several hundred volunteers of all ages and professions. The helpers have a day, a doctor and a kitchen team. In addition, various companies and institutions in the Ulm region (such as Die Schwäbische Tafel ) are committed to providing free medicines, food and other, mostly free or heavily discounted services.
organ
The organ of the Pauluskirche is one of the few remaining large late-romantic instruments in southern Germany. It was built by the Link Brothers company (Giengen / Brenz) in 1910 as a three-manual instrument on the second gallery at the west end of the church. The organ is characterized by the fact that it took up elements of the Alsatian-New German organ reform , which aimed at a synthesis between German and French organ types. The work of the second manual (swell work) borrows from a French récit : some registers have French names (e.g. Voix céleste 8 ′ ), and the work also has a battery of reeds typical of French organs (basson 16 ′, trompette harmonique 8 ′, Clairon 4 ′). The work of the third manual, on the other hand, is more reminiscent of a swell in the tradition of German late romanticism. A small expansion by three registers and a tremolo followed just a few years later, also by the Link company, which set up a swell box for these new registers. The instrument thus had 55 registers.
The first organist of the Pauluskirche, Karl Beringer , was distinguished by his great interest in the late romantic organ literature of his time. He was the first organist to play Max Reger's organ works in public in southern Germany.
When the organ movement reached its peak in 1970, the organ was to be completely dismantled and replaced by an instrument at the east end of the nave that was more in keeping with contemporary tastes. However, the implementation of the plan was prevented. Instead, the organ was partially rebuilt by Link. The Art Nouveau brochure was removed and the sound was brightened up in line with the times, which meant that mainly string registers were replaced by mixtures and aliquot registers (including fifths 1 1 ⁄ 3 ′ and Hellmixtur instead of gamba on I; octave 1 ′ and replacement of the progressive harmonica with a sharp cymbal on II.). The entire work on the third manual was given a swell box.
During an overhaul in 1996 by the Mühleisen company (Leonberg), these changes were largely reversed. Some registers have been reconstructed based on the plans of the original instrument and based on models in other Link organs from the time they were made (including in the town church in Giengen an der Brenz ) (including installation of cello 8 ′ in the pedal, of concert flute 8 ′ (corresponding to flûte harmonique ) and gamba 8 ′ to I; shift from fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3 ′ from I to II (no original register); removal of octave 1 ′ to II; installation of flute principle 8 ′, viola 8 ′ and violin 4 ′ to III, there Expansion of the night horn 4 ′). This restored the original gradation of the leading registers of the works with principal 8 ′ to I, violin principal 8 ′ to II and flute principal 8 ′ to III.
In 2013/14 a renovation was carried out by organ builder Thomas B. Gaida (Wemmetsweiler). A new console was installed and the organ was expanded to 62 registers, which are distributed over four manuals and pedal . In all parts of the works , a total of 10 auxiliary registers are set up, which do not couple, but each have to be operated separately and can be played in several pitches. They can be registered individually and independently of each other on all plants. On a separate wind chest there are some high pressure registers (Tibia pomposa and Flauto mirabilis). Thanks to the auxiliary register and the largest possible number of coupling points, the console has more than 320 register buttons.
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Pairing :
- Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, IIIA / I, IIIB / I, III / II, IIIA / II, IIIB / II, I / II, I / III, I / IV, II / III, II / IV, III / IV, IIIA / IV, IIIB / IV, I / P, II / P, III / P, IIIA / P, IIIB / P, P / I, P / II, P / III, P / IV
- Super octave coupling: I / I, II / II, III / III, IIIA / III, IIIB / III, P / P, II / I, III / I, IIIA / I, IIIB / I, III / II, IIIA / II, IIIB / II, I / II, I / III, I / IV, II / III, II / IV, III / IV, I / P, II / P, III / P, I / P 2 ′, II / P 2 ′, III / P 2 ′
- Sub-octave coupling: I / I, II / II, III / III, IIIA / III, IIIB / III, II / I, III / I, IIIA / I, IIIB / I, III / II, IIIA / II, IIIB / II, I / II, I / III, I / IV, II / III, II / IV, III / IV
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Playing aids :
- Normal position from: I, II, III, IIIA, IIIB, P
- Melodiekoppel, Pizzicato, Sostenuto, Pedal divide, Sforzando, Registerfessel, Tacet
- General and individual transposers , typesetters , manual typesetters, sequencers under each manual and as pistons
- four swell steps for swell II, III and crescendo , swell coupling
Other garrison churches in the vicinity
literature
- Reiner Wertz: Pauluskirche in Ulm , Verlag JF Steinkopf , Stuttgart, 1970
- Ev. Parish Ulm (ed.): The Pauluskirche in Ulm , Frey-Druck Ulm, 1982
- Ulrich Hangleiter: Theodor Fischer as a church builder , Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn, 1999, ISBN 3-87437-424-6
- Philip Hartmann: Organ - in: Pauluskirche Ulm , DKV-Kunstführer No. 578/0, Deutscher Kunstverlag GmbH, Munich and Berlin, pp. 28–30
- Klaus Jan Philipp (Ed.): Does God Accept Concrete? The Ulm Pauluskirche in context. Exhibition catalog Stadthaus Ulm , Ulm 2010, ISBN 978-3-8030-0732-2
- Dörthe Jakobs, Viola Lang: The only mural by Adolf Hölzel. The crucifix in the Protestant Pauluskirche in Ulm. In: Preservation of Monuments in Baden-Württemberg , Volume 40, 2011, Issue 1, pp. 45–50 ( PDF )
Web links
- Website of the evangelical parish of the Pauluskirche in Ulm
- Organ of the Pauluskirche on www.ulmer-orgeln.de
- Pauluskirche at Tourismus Ulm
- House of City History - The Ulm Garrison Churches
Individual evidence
- ↑ Verena Schühly: Countdown for the 24th Vesper Church in Ulm. In: Südwest Presse , January 17, 2019.
- ↑ http://organindex.de/index.php?title=Ulm,_Pauluskirche , accessed on January 2, 2020.
Coordinates: 48 ° 24 ′ 19.1 ″ N , 9 ° 59 ′ 42.4 ″ E