Peperburg Castle
| Peperburg ruin | ||
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 Model of the Peperburg ( Museum of the City of Lennestadt ) |
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| Alternative name (s): | Gevore Castle | |
| Creation time : | 12./13. century | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, location | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Construction: | Quarry stone | |
| Place: | Lennestadt - Grevenbrück | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 8 ′ 36 " N , 8 ° 0 ′ 40" E | |
| Height: | 293 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Peperburg (also Pepperburg , formerly Gevore Castle ) is the ruin of a hilltop castle at 293 m above sea level. NN in the Grevenbrück district (formerly: Förde ) of the city of Lennestadt in the Olpe district .
geography
The former castle complex is located on a south-eastern spur of the densely forested mountain Breiter Hagen , which is designated as a nature reserve Breiter Hagen . To the north is the confluence of Veischede and Lenne .
history
The castle is the ancestral seat of the noblemen of Gevore , which was then also called Gevore Castle . It is located near the Lenne ford through which Heidenstrasse and Römerweg led. The castle was in use from the first half of the 12th century and was inhabited until the end of the 13th century even after its owners moved to Bilstein Castle . The main part was destroyed during quarry work in the 19th century. Today only the foundation walls of the southern part of the castle are preserved. The former quarry area is one of the selection of 43 locations in South Westphalia that were presented as particularly popular hiking destinations (soul locations) by representatives of Sauerland tourism at the International Tourism Exchange in Berlin in March 2019.
12th and 13th centuries
A new county was created in the southern Sauerland from parts of the territory of the Counts of Werl and the Rhineland Count Palatine . Originally it belonged to the gentlemen von Rüdenberg , who gave it to the gentlemen von Gevore (later von Bilstein ). The county’s administrative and manor house was Gevore Castle.
The original size of the core castle is unknown, but it must have been at least three times the size of the area preserved today. The main castle was enclosed by a two-meter-wide curtain wall. A 14 meter wide moat was sunk into the rock in front of it . The buildings attached to the inner wall are farm buildings and towers that have been rebuilt several times and were only erected in the second half of the 12th century.
The first written document that reports from a lord of the castle Henricus nobilis de gevore dates from 1141. Heinrich I von Gevore († 1172) was married to the daughter of Count Konrad von Rüdenberg , who had distinguished himself in the Second Crusade .
In the period from 1172 to 1220 Heinrich II. Von Gevore is mentioned in numerous documents, a son of Heinrich I. von Gevore . He was married to Irmgard von Arnsberg , a daughter of Count Heinrich I von Arnsberg and his wife Emmengard von Freusberg . He is often mentioned in connection with the Counts of Westphalen , the noblemen of Rüdenberg and the Archbishop of Cologne .
Around 1220 Dietrich von Förde seems to have moved his residence to Bilstein Castle . His uncle , Bernhard von Förde , remained on the Peperburg and had two sons with the daughter of Vogts Reimbold von Grafschaft : Dietrich and Reimbold von Förde ( mentioned in a Geseker document in 1220 ). The lords of Hundem, called Pepersack , seem to descend from Reimbold von Förde and an heir daughter of Vogts Widekind von Hundem , whose lineage begins with the brothers Widekind and Reimbold Pepersack , which can be traced back to 1292 .
14th Century
At the beginning of 1352 a new feud began between Count Engelbert III. von der Mark with Count Gottfried IV. von Arnsberg , in which the aforementioned made claims on Fredeburg . As a result, Gottfried IV fortified Gevore Castle again in 1354. Engelbert III probably liked that. not, and he destroyed Gevore Castle in 1355. After the rule of Bilstein came to the Counts of the Mark , they drove the Lords of Pepersack further into poverty. Their power in the Lenne area was broken, and they gradually sold their remaining possessions.
In 1381 and 1402 Johan Pepersack testified that half of the Free County of Hundem was sold to the brothers Wilhelm and Heinrich Vogt von Elspe by Wilhelm von Ole . The gentlemen von Rüdenberg had apparently enfeoffed the von Hundem branch with the Peperburg and part of its property: In 1384 the brothers Conrad and Hinrik von Rüdenberg , sons of Goswin , sold their entire leasable property in the Free County of Hundem to Wilhelm Vogt von Elspe and Johann von Plettenberg called Hedemolen. . The previous fiefdoms, including Hinrik von Drolshagen and “ de Pepersecke ”, are referred to the buyers. Witnesses: Knight Konrad der Vrede , Knappe Godert von Hanxleden . This changed the ownership of the Free County of Hundem, but the gentlemen von Pepersack and Hinrik von Drolshagen, who was possibly his bailiff, still held their offices. Not until 1385 in “ vigilia nativitatis b. Joannis Baptiste "(VI. 23) release the brothers Konrad and Heinrich von Rüdenberg the Heinrich of Heygen , and which was believed to be the successor of the aforementioned bailiff Wilm Pepersack which had the county Hundem received by them in fee, their Eide and they exhibit for the new loan to Johann von Plettenbert, otherwise called Heydemolle and Wilhelm von Elsepe, called Voget . With this dismissal, both von Heygen and Pepersack were relieved of their offices in the free county.
From numerous changes of ownership it can be seen that the family became more and more impoverished and the political turn against von Pepersack was initiated. Even Count Palatine Ruprecht II secured the Bamenohl house as an open house through a contract in 1395 and did the same with the bailiffs von Elspe, Heydenreich von Heygen and Heinrich von Duseschuren via Burg Borghausen .
15th century
The daughter Alheid von Hundemen who is entitled to inheritance . Pepersack zu Pepperburg married Fr. Wilm Vogt von Elspe in 1432 . According to the document, she still lived at the Peperburg and later moved to Borghausen Castle, just one kilometer away . From this marriage came the children Wilhelm, Cord and Godert, who therefore call themselves Vogt von Elspe gen. Pepersack . This line of the bailiffs of Elspe lived in Borghausen at that time .
In 1454, the brothers Wilhelm and Herman van Hundem gt. Peper corner of Katharine , daughter of Herman , when she married Johan van Bonslede all their fiefs for dowry , namely the court to Altenhundem , the material to be Hofolpe that Gütchen to Vore " at the bruggen dat Ploichysern is, the lutgen Kuberge that dey Heyschoten has received, the Stede des Hans Saut zu Hundem “, a property in Heimersberge , where Johannes Man von Snellenberg ..., a property in Altenhundem, where Hesek lives Good to Overen Melbecke , which Johan van der Broike received, the court to Dypenbeke received by Ernst and Herman van Snellenberg , and another good to Dypenbeke , which Hennecke van Hanxleden is supposed to receive. The reason was that the agreed loudly marriage contract dowry of Catherine could not be completed.
16th and 17th centuries
The property rights of the Bamenohler Kotten passed from the Pepersäcken to those of Plettenberg and to the bailiffs of Elspe . In 1694, the Delineatio by Caspar Christian Vogt von Elspe , Herr zu Siedlinghausen and Brunscapell , of the Peperburg said: “ olim sed. dom. de Pepersack, diruta “ (once the residence of the Pepersack, now level with the ground).
Archaeological evidence
As the archaeologists' excavation reports show, the castle ruins consist of at least four construction phases with partly clearly recognizable fire images. This means that the castle has been destroyed and rebuilt several times.
As the archaeological excavations have shown, only one third of the former inner castle has survived. The remaining wall and building remnants are probably attributable to the most recent expansion phase. All components and buildings such as walls and towers have been rebuilt and overbuilt several times. The free-standing tower, which can still be seen in the masonry, was probably not the keep and dates from the middle of the 12th century. The oldest part of the castle probably fell victim to the quarry work of the 19th century. The use of the preserved part of the inner castle could be made probable on the basis of ceramic evaluations until the last quarter of the 13th century. The archaeological evidence of the top layer of the preserved part of the Peperburg suggests that it was left without previous destruction.
The excavated walls were fortified, partially supplemented and left in the same state, even if walls appear next to each other that did not originally exist at the same time.
literature
- Jens Friedhoff : Sauerland and Siegerland. Theiss Castle Guide . Edited by Joachim Zeune . Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1706-8 , pp. 116-117.
- Hömberg, Albert K. , home chronicle of the district of Olpe, 1967
- Sigrid Lukanow, Olpe 1997, Förde Castle - Peperburg - near Grevenbrück. District archive Olpe
- Seibertz, Joh. Suibert , 1860, State and Legal History of the Duchy of Westphalia, First Part 1-912
- Seibertz, Joh.Suibert, 1839, State and Legal History of the Duchy of Westphalia, Second Volume 799 to 1300
- Seibertz, Joh.Suibert, 1843, State and Legal History of the Duchy of Westphalia, Third Volume from 1300 to 1400
- Seibertz, Joh. Suibert, 1845, regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia, history of the counts
- Seibertz, Joh. Suibert, 1869, Sources of Westphalian History, Third Volume
- Brill, Elspe, 1948, history of the parish of Elspe
- Homeland voices from the Olpe district, various years
- Boerger, Joseph, 1946, A Thousand Years of Förde-Grevenbrück
- Schulte, FW, The dispute over South Westphalia in the late Middle Ages, The Counts of the Mark - The Archbishops of Cologne, Heimatbund Märkischer Kreis, 1997
Individual evidence
- ↑ cf. Also contribution A journey to oneself, Westfalenpost, newspaper for the district of Olpe, issue of March 6, 2019
- ↑ Boerger, 1946, Tausend Jahre Förde, p. 125
- ↑ The dispute over South Westphalia in the late Middle Ages, p. 145
- ^ Brüning, Ole, p. 49 u. 25th
- ↑ Gräflich Plettenbergsche Archive Heeren, archive part Bamenohl, documents, Dr. Diestelkamp 13. 13.
- ↑ ib p. 90
- ^ Dünschede, local history contributions to an old parish
- ^ Dünschede contributions to local history
- ↑ HSO 37,1959, S161, AK Hömberg Adelssitze, Rittergüter booklet 10 as well as inventory of the document archive of the princes of Hatzfeld-Wildenburg zu Schönstein / Sieg, Volume 1
- ↑ Seib. Q. 130 and Pickert's collection
- ↑ Lukanow, S. The castle Förde Peperburg near Grevenbrück
