Philippa of Hainaut

Philippa d'Avesnes, Countess of Holland-Hainaut LG (English Philippa of Hainault ; born June 24, 1311 in Valenciennes , † August 14, 1369 in Windsor ) was through her marriage to King Edward III. english queen.

Life

Philippa von Hennegau was born as the daughter of Count Wilhelm III. d'Avesnes of Hainaut and Holland and of Johanna von Valois, a sister of King Philip VI. from France , born.

Wedding with Eduard

The political wedding with Edward was initiated by the English Queen Isabella , as she wanted to strengthen the English monarchy after the successful rebellion against her husband, the English king. The alliance between France and England helped her to finance the invasion of England and to consolidate Edward's position as heir to the throne. Since both Philippa and Eduard are in direct line of Philip III. the English queen hoped to strengthen England in the French line of succession. The birth of Edward of Woodstock (1330) united the two powerful families.

The marriage of the two was decided on August 27, 1327 in Mons, the dowry was handed over on October 28, and Philippa arrived in London on December 22 of the same year. On 24./25. On January 1st, 1328, she married fifteen-year-old Edward, her second cousin, in York Cathedral .

The first son of Edward of Woodstock, called the "Black Prince", was born in 1330; The marriage produced thirteen children, including five sons, who reached adulthood and whose rivalries were ultimately to trigger the Wars of the Roses (see family tree of the Houses of Lancaster and York ).

For the wedding, Philippa gave Eduard two books that contained a collection of prose, poetry, Latin texts, prayers and love stories. These had been provided with illustrations. The two shared an interest in literature, and the selection of the texts was partly also subject to Queen Isabella. The manuscripts were specially tailored to Eduard and were intended to promote the relationship between the two spouses. The origin of the manuscripts can be traced back to Philippa's or Edward's family thanks to the coats of arms shown. The exact date of delivery of these manuscripts is not known, but it can be classified between the arrival of Philip in England in 1326 and the coronation of Edward in January 1327.

Political and economic influence

Philippa's political influence was small, but she was able to intervene during the siege of Calais in 1347 and prevent the execution of the citizens.

Like her predecessors, Philippa received the right of femme sol , the right to hold lands. These were spread over England, Wales, Ireland and France. After complaints about the management of the lands by Queen Philippa were presented, the King installed Sir John Moleyns, who was to exercise control with the help of a commission. Regardless of this, Philippa had to approve the changes by her ministers as the last instance.

Philippa's household

The French poet Jean Froissart came to England as a secretary in their entourage. His observations about the royal court are important contemporary documents. This leaves her household largely nameless, it is known that in Philippa's household, during her 41-year rule, at least 180 women were employed. The older Philippa was, the bigger her household became. At the beginning of her reign she had seven wives, half of them thirteen and in the year of her death 29 women in her household. For some of these women, who among other things married men from the king's household, she negotiated and organized the marriage ceremony.

At the beginning of her rule she had little control over the choice of women in her household, this was made by Isabella. As Philippa got older, so did the number of women who came from their home in Hainaut.

Queen Philippa died of dropsy in Windsor in 1369 .

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  Philippa goes to England

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  Philippa's coronation

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  Queen Philip's coat of arms

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  The ruling couple at Westminster Abbey

John of Avesnes

Adelheid of Holland

Henry V of Luxembourg

Margareta von Bar

Philip III the bold

Isabella of Aragon

Charles II of Anjou

Mary of Hungary

John II of Avesnes-Hainaut-Holland

Philippa of Luxembourg

Charles I of Valois

Margaret of Anjou

Count Wilhelm III. d'Avesnes

Joan of Valois

Philippa of Hainaut

progeny

• Edward of Woodstock , the "Black Prince" (1330-1376)
• Isabella (1332–1379) ⚭ 1365 Count Enguerrand VII of Coucy
• William (died young)
• Joan (1335-1348)
• Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence (1338-1368)
• John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399)
• Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (1341-1402)
• Mary (1344–1362) ⚭ 1355 Duke John V of Brittany
• Margaret (1346–1361) ⚭ 1359 John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
• Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (executed 1355-1397)

literature

• Anne Crawford: Letters of the Queens of England , Sutton Publishing 2002, pp. 92-100.
• William Hunt :  Philippa of Hainault . In: Sidney Lee (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 45:  Pereira - Pockrich. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1896, pp. 164 - 167 (English, (scans available, no OCR data yet)).
• R. Martin Haines: Philippa of Hainaut . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA) . tape 6 . Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1993, ISBN 3-7608-8906-9 , Sp. 2079 .
• BC Hardy: Philippa of Hainault and Her Times , London 1910.
• Francis Lancelott: The Queens of England and Their Times , Vol. I, New York: D. Appleton and Co. 1858, pp. 203-220.
• Agnes Strickland : Lives of the Queens of England , Vol. II, Philadelphia: Blanchard and Lea 1852, pp. 173-205.
• K. Petit: Le mariage de Philippa de Hainaut, pure d'Angleterre , in: Moyen Age , Vol. 87, 1981, pp. 173-185.
• Juliet Vale: Philippa [Philippa of Hainault] (1310x15? –1369). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Volume 26: Haycock – Hichens. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861376-8 , pp. 34-38, ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of September 2010
• Andrew Wathey: The Marriage of Edward III and the Transmission of French Motets to England , in: Journal of the American Musicological Society , Vol. 45, No. 1, Spring 1992, pp. 1-29.

Web links

Commons : Philippa von Hainaut  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Astrid de Beer: Filippa van Henegouwen. In: Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland . As of April 15, 2012, viewed June 7, 2012.
• Philippe de Hainaut on thepeerage.com
• Philippa of Hainault in: Royal and Noble Genealogical Data on the Web .

supporting documents

1. ↑ Martin R. Haines: Philippa of Hainaut. Queen Consort of Edward III of England. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages . 1999.
2. ↑ May McKisack: Edward III. and the Historians . Vol. 45 edition. History, No. 153, 1960, pp. 6 .
3. ↑ Andrew Wathey: The Marriage of Edward III and the Transmission of French Motets to England. In: Journal of the American Musicological Society . Vol. 45, No. 1 , 1992, p. 13 .
4. ↑ Martin R. Haines: Philippa of Hainaut. Queen Consort of Edward III of England. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages . 1999.
5. ↑ Michael A. Michael: A Manuscript Wedding Gift from Philippa of Hainault to Edward III. In: The Burlington Magazine . Vol. 127, No. 990 , 1985, pp. 582 .
6. ↑ Michael A. Michael: A Manuscript Wedding Gift from Philippa of Hainault to Edward III. In: The Burlington Magazine . Vol. 127, No. 990 , 1985, pp. 586 .
7. ↑ Michael A. Michael: A Manuscript Wedding Gift from Philippa of Hainault to Edward III. In: The Burlington Magazine . Vol. 127, No. 990 , 1985, pp. 589 .
8. ^ Martin R. Haines: Philippa of Hainault. Queen Consort of Edward III of England. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages . 1999.
9. ^ Anne Crawford: The Queen's Council in the Middle Ages . In: The English Historical Review . Vol. 116, No. 469 , 2001, p. 1194 .
10. ^ Anne Crawford: The Queen's Council in the Middle Ages . In: The English Historical Review . Vol. 116, No. 469 , 2001, p. 1195 .
11. ^ Anne Crawford: The Queen's Council in the Middle Ages . In: The English Historical Review . Vol. 116, No. 469 , 2001, p. 1202 .
12. ↑ Caroline Dunn: All the Queen's Ladies? Philippa of Hainault's Female Attendants. In: Medieval Prosopography . Vol. 31, 2016, pp. 174 f .
13. ↑ Caroline Dunn: All the Queen's Ladies? Philippa of Hainault's Female Attendants. In: Medieval Prosopography . Vol. 31, 2016, pp. 181 .
14. ↑ Caroline Dunn: All the Queen's Ladies? Philippa of Hainault's Female Attendants. In: Medieval Prosopography . Vol. 31, 2016, pp. 190 f .
15. ↑ Caroline Dunn: All the Queen's Ladies? Philippa of Hainault's Female Attendants. Vol. 31 edition. 2016, p. 193 .

predecessor	Office	Successor
Isabella of France	Queen Consort of England 1328–1369	Anne of Bohemia