Pilsum Kreuzkirche
The Protestant-reformed Pilsumer Kreuzkirche is located in the East Frisian warft village Pilsum , in the Krummhörn . Today's house of worship was built in three construction phases, its structure dates back to the middle of the 13th century and was consecrated to St. Stephen .
history
The Pilsum Church probably had a previous wooden building. This is indicated by the results of a study carried out by the Kirch throws in 1980 . In the 13th century the church was replaced by the current structure. Its oldest part is the nave, built around 1240. The transept and choir followed in the third quarter of the 13th century. The crossing tower was probably built around 1300. It stands on such unsafe ground that it already tilted in the Middle Ages and the bells were moved to a newly built low bell tower southeast of the church. The Pilsum Kreuzkirche was restored as a monument of national importance between 1976 and 1994.
Building description
The single-nave cruciform church with a crossing tower was built from bricks in the late Romanesque style. Gothic elements can be found on the fascia structure of the tower .
At the time of its construction, the nave in the north, west and south, similar to the church in Eilsum, had a two-storey panel structure , of which the upper blind arches rise slightly towards the center. Originally, entrances were in the north and south of the building. They were later walled up and replaced by the west portal. A hagioscope that originally existed in the south wall and has now been walled up can only be recognized by a narrow niche on the inside. The Romanesque windows in the nave were enlarged to allow more light into the interior of the church. Only in the choir have they been preserved in their original form.
The roof structure was raised in a later construction phase. For this, the walls of the nave were bricked up accordingly, which can still be recognized today by the smaller bricks used in the masonry. The flat ceiling of the nave was then replaced by a hollow ceiling. The transept is divided into three almost square bays .
The eastern part of the building is formed by the square choir bay and the semicircular apse , the wall of which is divided inside and outside with arched panels and three windows. The vaults over the crossing, choir and transept were designed by Marienfeld builders .
The bell tower to the southeast of the church is a two-storey brick building on a square floor plan under a tent roof. In addition to the Kreuzkirche with the church warft, cemetery and surrounding wall, the rectory is also a listed building.
Furnishing
The ceiling paintings were exposed again in fragments during the renovation from 1976 to 1994. They are dated to the early 14th century and show Christ in the mandorla in the main apse . Ornamental paintings can be seen on the vault ribs, while the depictions of the Last Judgment on the triumphal arch between the nave and the crossing, as well as the Mary with the child in a halo, have late Gothic elements. Originally, the building also had a rood screen , the remains of which were excavated on the triumphal arch.
The bronze baptismal font from 1469, cast by Hinrich Klinghe , a son of the famous Bremen bronze caster Ghert Klinghe , is still in use today. It is carried by four evangelists and is decorated with depictions of the crucifixion with Mary and John as well as apostles, saints and angels making music.
The pulpit was made in 1704 by Peter Gerkes Husmann from Emden. Under an oversized sound cover is the pulpit with free-standing twisted columns between which there are pendants of fruit. The pulpit base is decorated with putti and a pine cone hanging from the pulpit floor.
The Vasa Sacra includes two pewter bread plates and a pewter jug as well as two cups, one of which was made in 1708 by the Emden goldsmith Arent Payn. The second is undated and has no maker's mark.
The organ of Pilsumer Cross Church on the west gallery built Valentin Ulrich Grotian in 1694. It applies alongside the works of Arp Schnitger as one of the most important dating back to 1700 in the North Sea coast. Most of the pipework has been preserved from the instrument. In 1991 the organ was restored.
Organ (1694)
Baptismal font west side ...
Remnants of the wall paintings
Vault paintings
the pulpit
See also
literature
- Hans-Bernd Rödiger, Heinz Ramm: Frisian churches in Auricherland, Norderland, Brokmerland and in Krummhörn , Volume 2. Verlag CL Mettcker & Söhne, Jever (2nd edition) 1983, p. 77.
- Edgar F. Warnecke: Old churches and monasteries in the country between Weser and Ems. Verlag H. Th. Wenner, Osnabrück 1990, ISBN 3-87898-319-0 , p. 147 ff.
- Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The Kreuzkirche to Pilsum . In: If stones could talk . tape III . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1995, ISBN 3-7842-0515-1 , p. 153-155 .
- Hermann Haiduck: The architecture of the medieval churches in the East Frisian coastal area . 2nd Edition. Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Verlags- und Vertriebs-GmbH, Aurich 2009, ISBN 978-3-940601-05-6 , p. 32, 64, 70 ff. 78, 82, 84 ff., 90 f., 94, 101, 113, 136, 155 f., 169 f., 208, 222 .
Web links
- Reformiert.de: Ev.-ref. Pilsum municipality
- Local chroniclers of the East Frisian landscape : Pilsum, municipality of Krummhörn, district of Aurich (PDF file; 51 kB)
- Genealogy forum: Pilsum
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g local chronicles of the East Frisian landscape : Pilsum, municipality Krummhörn, district Aurich (PDF file; 51 kB), viewed on May 17, 2011.
- ↑ a b c Reformiert.de: Ev.-ref. Municipality of Pilsum , accessed on May 17, 2011.
- ^ Ingeborg Nöldeke: Hidden treasures in East Frisian village churches - hagioscopes, rood screens and sarcophagus lids - overlooked details from the Middle Ages . Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-7308-1048-4 , p. 104 ff.
Coordinates: 53 ° 28 '58.9 " N , 7 ° 3' 46.3" E