Mushroom poison

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Mushroom poisons are toxic metabolic components of large mushrooms that occur in such high concentrations that when they are consumed, symptoms of poisoning occur in humans or animals ( mushroom poisoning ). In the northern hemisphere there are about 200 types of toadstool , of which about 40 are dangerous and about 10 are fatal (see also the list of toadstools ).

In contrast, toxins from mold are called mycotoxins .

Toxicologically , fungal poisons can be divided into three groups according to their effect:

Poison type Entry into effect Type of effect Active ingredients example
Protoplasmic poisons Effect after 6–48 hours Death, collapse, heart paralysis, or hepatic coma (liver failure) Amatoxins Death cap mushrooms
Neurotoxins Effect after 15-30 minutes Severe poisoning Muscarin , muscaridin Brick-red crack fungus
Locally acting poisons Less severe poisoning, rarely fatal Terpenes Birch milkling

Warning notice

Mushroom poisons occur regardless of the bitter taste and are usually not detectable by the senses.

See also

literature

  • Besl Bresinsky: Toadstool - A manual for doctors, pharmacists… . Scientific publishing company, Stuttgart 1985
  • Horak Flammer: mushroom poisons - poison mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 1983
  • Benjamin: Mushrooms - Poisons and Panaceas . WH Freeman, New York 1995
  • Moeschlin: Clinic and therapy of poisoning . Thieme, Stuttgart 1985
  • Kell: Poison mushrooms - mushroom poisons . Neue Brehm Bücherei 612, 1991
  • Stamets: Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World . Ten Speed ​​Press, Berkeley 1996
  • L. Roth, H. Frank, K. Kormann: Poison mushrooms - mushroom poisons. Molds - Mycotoxins. Occurrence - Ingredients - Fungal allergies - Food poisoning . ecomed, Landsberg / Lech 1990, ISBN 3-609-64730-2

Web links