Mushroom poison
Mushroom poisons are toxic metabolic components of large mushrooms that occur in such high concentrations that when they are consumed, symptoms of poisoning occur in humans or animals ( mushroom poisoning ). In the northern hemisphere there are about 200 types of toadstool , of which about 40 are dangerous and about 10 are fatal (see also the list of toadstools ).
In contrast, toxins from mold are called mycotoxins .
Toxicologically , fungal poisons can be divided into three groups according to their effect:
Poison type | Entry into effect | Type of effect | Active ingredients | example |
---|---|---|---|---|
Protoplasmic poisons | Effect after 6–48 hours | Death, collapse, heart paralysis, or hepatic coma (liver failure) | Amatoxins | Death cap mushrooms |
Neurotoxins | Effect after 15-30 minutes | Severe poisoning | Muscarin , muscaridin | Brick-red crack fungus |
Locally acting poisons | Less severe poisoning, rarely fatal | Terpenes | Birch milkling |
Warning notice
Mushroom poisons occur regardless of the bitter taste and are usually not detectable by the senses.
See also
literature
- Besl Bresinsky: Toadstool - A manual for doctors, pharmacists… . Scientific publishing company, Stuttgart 1985
- Horak Flammer: mushroom poisons - poison mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 1983
- Benjamin: Mushrooms - Poisons and Panaceas . WH Freeman, New York 1995
- Moeschlin: Clinic and therapy of poisoning . Thieme, Stuttgart 1985
- Kell: Poison mushrooms - mushroom poisons . Neue Brehm Bücherei 612, 1991
- Stamets: Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World . Ten Speed Press, Berkeley 1996
- L. Roth, H. Frank, K. Kormann: Poison mushrooms - mushroom poisons. Molds - Mycotoxins. Occurrence - Ingredients - Fungal allergies - Food poisoning . ecomed, Landsberg / Lech 1990, ISBN 3-609-64730-2
Web links
- Poison mushrooms - what to do? Website of the German Society for Mycology
- Toadstools - mushroom poisons. Mushroom Association Augsburg Koenigsbrunn
- Mushroom poisoning on gifte.de (private website) - Toxins and causative fungi are listed for the respective syndrome
- Mushroom poisons recently discovered on pilzepilze.de (private website)