Plätzler guild
The Plätzlerzunft Altdorf-Weingarten 1348 e. V. is a fool's guild in the tradition of the Swabian-Alemannic Carnival in Weingarten .
history
Although the foundation of the Plätzler guild as an association, like most fools guilds, did not fall until the 20th century, references to carnival customs can be found in Weingarten much earlier.
According to an alleged oral tradition, in 1348 the citizens danced around the town hall of what was then called Altdorf after the bubonic plague had been overcome . Since this tradition appears in writing for the first time in 1870 and oral traditions cannot otherwise be proven, it is likely to be an invention of the legendary and medieval-loving 19th century. The Weingartner fools are well aware of this, and so the end of the club's name “1348 e. V. "is often jokingly resolved as" possibly lying "even on public occasions.
The first written reference to a disguise typical of the Swabian-Alemannic Carnival in Weingarten can be found in a preserved arrangement from the time of the Peasants' War of 1525. “Item should neither nor no one give themselves into the mummery , neither day nor night peen 10 pounds . ”Earlier documents, if they existed, could have fallen victim to an archive fire in 1632. The assumption that town hall dances were regular events in Weingarten is confirmed by a council minutes from 1786, in which it says: "Alois Hermann and Carl Huber ask in the name of all citizens to be allowed to dance the carnival days around the town hall as usual."
After Altdorf became part of the Protestant Kingdom of Württemberg and the secularization of Weingarten Monastery , parades and night masking were prohibited by a royal decree in 1807. In 1815 this ban was lifted after massive protests by some hosts.
The first pictorial representation of the main character of the Carnival in Weingarten, the Plätzler, can be found on a pipe bowl that can be dated between 1840 and 1850. It depicts a plätzler in his characteristic Fleckleshäs with a carbach , who is distributing pretzels. In an order by the city council from 1861, the Plätzler is finally mentioned for the first time. "With regard to the masks, it is stipulated: a) that in the evening after 6 o'clock no so-called Plätzler is allowed to be seen, if a prison sentence is avoided ..."
In the years that followed, a fool's association was founded whose task it was to organize a large carnival parade every year. These parades, which took place from 1868 onwards, were shaped by the Rhenish carnival , as was the case almost everywhere in southwest Germany at that time . At the end of the 19th century, the organized carnival in Weingarten completely fell asleep.
After the carnival in Weingarten was supported by the local clubs and some families until 1920, Dr. Fritz Mattes and Josef Golling founded the old historical plätzler guild Altdorf-Weingarten . The old customs such as the Plätzler, the Fasnetsbutzenrössle, the town hall dances and carnival games were combined in the new guild and supplemented by other types of masks and customs. In 1931 the first Plätzler appeared in today's typical colors of red and white, the city colors of Weingarten, which go back to Altdorf's centuries of affiliation with Upper Austria . The wire gauze masks previously worn were replaced by wooden larvae. In 1933 the Plätzler guild joined the association of Swabian-Alemannic fools guilds .
During the Second World War and in the first post-war years, no more Mardi Gras was celebrated in Weingarten. It was not until 1948 that Mardi Gras parades took place again.
Fool figures
Plätzler
The Plätzler is the main character of the guild. The Plätzler is available in red and white, red and white. Every participant wears a so-called Fleckleshäs , which consists of 5000 to 7000 felt patches, a knotted belt with an individual motif and a wooden mask. In addition, each variation of the Plätzler has different fool attributes. The red and white Plätzler carries a carbatsche or a pig's bladder (Swabian: "Saubloder"). The hat of the red-and-white Plätzler is only worn by men. The red Plätzler wears a gschell and a fool's sausage . His hat is worn by both men and women. As an attribute, the white Plätzler carries an umbrella next to a Gschell . Both men and women are also disguised as white pats. These current forms were all created when the guild was founded between 1931 and 1934.
A special form of the Plätzler is the "Urblätzler". He is practically the "ancestor" of today's Plätzler. It shows what the Blätzler looked like before the official founding of the guild, i.e. at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. He wears a brightly colored Fleckleshäs and a mask made of wire gauze . His fool attributes are a gschell with open bells and either a leather scourge or a pig's bladder . Today this hat is only worn by men over 50 years of age and was revived for the 2006 landscape meeting.
Rössle
The oldest documented figure of the Fasnet in Weingarten are the Rössle (horses), the Fasnetsbutzarössle . This figure was first mentioned in 1825. Originally the Rössle invited to the carnival events and collected food that was given to children and the needy. Each Rössle group consists of a dummy horse, a rider and two seaters, the so-called drivers, who drive the Rössle through the city with leather straps and whips. Such "mock horses" are also present at the Nuremberg Schembart runs .
There are four different types of Rössle: the red Rössle , the red and white Rössle , the Generalsrössle and the Kinderrössle . With the red and red-and-white Rössle, both the riders and the drivers wear the associated plätzlerhäs. The Generalsrössle goes back to Nepomuk Walser, who rode the Rössle in a French general uniform in the 19th century. This form of the steed was brought back to life in 1975. Both drivers wear 19th century French uniforms, the rider wears a general uniform with a typical bicorn . The Kinderrössle was first mentioned in 1928. Riders and drivers are represented by children. The hat corresponds to that of the general horse.
Laural spirits
Laura and the Laura ghosts accompanying her go back to the Laura legend , according to which a young knight, his bride Laura and her father were killed in a thunderstorm night . Since then, Laura is said to have appeared to hikers at midnight in the Lauratal near Weingarten . The Laura spirits are white fools whose rabbits are embroidered with bats and strawberry bouquets. The wooden mask of the Laura spirits is provided with tears. They wear a hennin bonnet , a belt with wooden bells , the sad sound of which is created by stones, and a bunch of keys as a symbol of salvation.
The mask group, which goes back to a tradition that began shortly after the Second World War, has existed in its current form since 1971.
Schlösslenarr
The figure of the Schlösslenarren was created in 1975. Until 1805 Altdorf was the seat of the Upper Bailiwick of Swabia , which from 1541 belonged to Austria. The district judge of the Landvogtei temporarily had his seat in the so-called "Schlössle", a Renaissance building from the 16th century, in which the Weingärtner City Museum is located today.
The Schlösslenarr is also a white fool figure . His green hat is embroidered with various motifs from the Baroque period. His mask, also baroque, shows a friendly male face with a mustache and goatee. A little bicorn sits on the hood of the mask. The Schlösslenarr wears a gschell with four to six strands. His fool attribute is a saber that is used as a pretzel stick when handing out pretzels during the fool's jumps.
Altdorfer Schalknarr
The Schalknarr goes back to a single figure in the 19th century vineyard, which the landlord Fritz Schiele embodied for many years. In the 1950s, the character was revived as a child rabbit. As a single figure, Tilo Schabert led the fool jumps in the Schalknarrenhäs back then . After he left to study in 1962, this tradition fell asleep. After the old costume was found by chance in an attic, the Plätzler guild revived the figure. In 2015, for the first time, an adult and a group of initially three children took part in the carnival as rascals. Mi-Parti , cowl or a fool's cap with dog ears and the quirk make the figure immediately recognizable as a classic rattle.
More fool figures
Further fool figures are Waldweible and Wurzelsepp , the Büttel , the traditional women and the town hall dance group .
Carnival in Weingarten
Carnival begins on Epiphany, January 6th, at 12 noon in Weingarten. The fools loudly greet the carnival in the streets of the city center with the karbatsche , the fool's whip up to five meters long. While only the male, red-and-white people are allowed to rush in the carnival, anyone who feels like it can try their hand at the carbatsche here. The carnival costumes, here called rabbits , are only worn after the mask dusting . This usually takes place on the first Friday after Epiphany, together with the swearing-in of the young fools and new members of the fool's guild on Münsterplatz.
On the evening before Gumpigen Thursday , the fools, again in free costumes, march to the Plätzlerbrunnen next to the office building. After the fountain cleaning talk with the symbolic cleaning of the stone Plätzler figure at the fountain, the groups move through the bars in the city center with musical accompaniment. On Gumpigen Thursday itself, the fools march through the streets of the city and announce the carnival . The people from Plätz “liberate” the schools and “storm” the town hall. Then the kindergarten children go through the city in disguise, and the carpenters' guild sets up the fool's tree, decorated with red and white ribbons, on the Münsterplatz. Then the town hall dance takes place in front of the town hall , which is proven to be the oldest foolish tradition in Weingarten. After dark, the procession of the clad in white robes and hoods begins Hemdglonker . The fools fraternization on Shrovetide Saturday of Weingartner and Ravensburger fools takes place annually either in Weingarten or in Ravensburg . On Shrove Tuesday, the local fool's jump takes place in Weingarten with the participation of foreign guest guilds.
The meeting of Mostclub L on Shrove Monday has been a traditional part of Weingarten Carnival since 1908. Politicians and other local celebrities are made fun of in a foolish discussion . The Mostclub is not a registered association and does not belong to the Plätzler guild.
When pretzel throwing on Shrove Tuesday pretzels are distributed to children. In the evening, Carnival is buried. The highly praiseworthy funeral association Großmaul , founded in 1964, has the task of escorting the laid body through the city to Münsterplatz. The wailing fools join the funeral procession . The funeral sermon is held at the fool's tree on Münsterplatz . Under vociferous lamentations of fools is carnival burned afterwards. Afterwards people meet for a funeral feast in the bars of the city.
Until 2008, the fool's tree was felled in the early hours of Ash Wednesday. Since 2009 it has been felled by the carpenters on the Saturday after Ash Wednesday, the Spark Saturday , at 11.11 a.m. and then auctioned off.
Other fools' associations in Weingarten
In addition to the Plätzler guild as the driving force behind the Swabian-Alemannic Fasnet and the Most Club L, there is also the Viking Narrenverein (founded in 1977) and Bockstall Narrenverein (founded in 1982) as well as the free mask group Altdorfer Tratschbase (founded 2006).
In addition to the Weingarten City Orchestra , which functions as a guild band, the Welfen Weingarten fanfare band (founded in 1957), the “tin music Rabatz band” Süffoniker (founded in 1977), the Altdorfer Schalmeien (founded in 1982) and the Guggenmusik SchussaGugga (founded in 2008) regularly act as musical accompanists the local carnival with.
Varia
At the beginning of February 2014, the ethnological documentary film “Von Narren und Hexen” by the Canadian filmmaker Danièle Bellemare Lee premiered in Weingarten and Ravensburg. The film was made in collaboration with the Plätzler guild and the Schwarze Veri guild in Ravensburg.
In 2016 the Plätzler guild chose Susanne Frankenhauser as the first member guild of the VSAN to be their guild master.
literature
- Jürgen Hohl : Swabian-Alemannic Carnival in Altdorf-Weingarten . Chroniken-Verlag, Allensbach 1974
- Association of Swabian-Alemannic fools guilds (ed.): On the history of the organized carnival . Doldverlag, Vöhrenbach 1999, ISBN 3-927677-17-5 .
- Beate Falk: Tyrolean, devil's place and snail king. The figures of a baroque Konstanz carnival parade from 1778 and their continued life in today's Carnival. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. 126th year 2008, pp. 113-199. (Digitized version) , in particular p. 181 ff. ( Digitized version )
- Museum leaflets of the Plätzler guild , 2010– ( PDF files )
- Andreas Reutter: Cookie masks and their carvers . 2nd Edition. Fasnetsmuseum, Weingarten 2015 ( PDF, 26 MB )
Web links
- Homepage of the Plätzlerzunft with detailed information on the history
- Homepage of the Narrenverein Viking Weingarten
- Homepage of the Narrenverein Bockstall Weingarten
- Documentary of fools and witches
Individual evidence
- ↑ Museumsblättle der Plätzlerzunft 4/2013 ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 8 f .; Lecture by Andreas Reutter on January 23, 2015 in Weingarten
- ↑ "I have enormous respect for this task" , Schwäbische Zeitung, October 19, 2016
