Politmagazin
A political magazine is a radio or television magazine that is mostly broadcast regularly in the form of a television series and features investigative and critical journalism from politics and everyday life.
history
The first German political television magazine was called "ANNO - Film Reports on News from Yesterday and Tomorrow", which was broadcast by Bavarian Broadcasting since October 25, 1960. It dealt with both domestic and foreign policy issues and was developed by Helmut Hammerschmidt . In its first broadcast, the magazine reported, among other things, from the arrest of Adolf Eichmann on May 10, 1960 in Argentina. On August 5, 1962, Report Munich emerged from ANNO . Panorama started on June 4, 1961, initially on a regional basis. On April 5, 1963, Hammerschmidt brought the report from Bonn into being, initially broadcast on Fridays during prime time. From January 1964, the magazine was only broadcast after the late edition of the Tagesschau .
Monitor followed on May 21, 1965 , followed by contrasts , which mainly focused on the East-West conflict . Fact finally began on July 15, 1992, making it the youngest of the six ARD political magazines. ZDF has been broadcasting Frontal21 with its predecessor Frontal since April 3, 2001.
The role model for Panorama is the BBC 's political magazine of the same name , which has been broadcast since November 11, 1953. It called itself "the world's longest-running investigative television show." The most famous is certainly the US 60 Minutes , which began on September 24, 1968.
The investigative journalism , however, is not an invention of broadcasting; rather, it started in the print media. From March 1881, Henry Damarest Lloyd brought out a series of four investigative articles (called "muckraking" in American) on corruption in politics and business, making him one of the first journalists in this genre. The series was called The Story of a Great Monopoly and first appeared in Atlantic Monthly .
Content and purpose
Political magazines were an expression of the democratization and modernization of television and represented free and critical journalism. They usually report on current events from politics and business and try to uncover news that has remained hidden from the public . In doing so, they usually have to do their own research because the information from the news agencies is insufficient for investigative journalism.
Especially political magazines have in the past to reply provoked. Your reporting on scandals has sometimes had a lot of public response, with the need to send counter notices under press law. No other program format has triggered as many counter-statements as the political magazines. In 1967 the ARD recommended to its affiliated stations that they should refrain from “formal” counter-statements if possible and that those affected should have their say through interviews or discussions.
The public service broadcasters in particular have traditionally been the platform for political magazines, while the private broadcasters have specialized more in entertainment. Stern TV reportage (VOX) advertises with “exciting, moving, investigative” and is one of the few political magazines on private television alongside Stern TV (RTL) and Süddeutsche Zeitung TV (VOX). Background ( Deutschlandfunk ) is one of the few political magazines on the radio and has existed since September 1987, until September 2007 divided into background politics and background economics .
reception
In 2003 the ARD and ZDF Poltimagazine achieved the greatest success with 3.45 million viewers and a market share of 11.9%. Since then, they have suffered from a decline in viewers, because in 2011, with 2.7 million viewers, their market share dropped to 9.5%. Long-standing front runner Report Mainz lost its leading position in 2011 to Panorama , which had a market share of 10.8% for the lead. The loser was also Frontal21 , whose market share fell to 8.3%. Therefore, in September 2011, the ARD decided to move the magazines broadcast on Mondays to Tuesday so that they could benefit from the popularity of the soap opera In all friendship as part of the audience flow . Audience flow is a phenomenon according to which viewers of a program do not initially switch off or switch after its end, but rather watch the following program on the same channel.
ANNO was already being broadcast during prime time. Most of the other political magazines were also assigned this slot . In the mid-1970s, however, the political magazines on ARD and ZDF were moved from prime time to the later evening in order to free up these coveted slots for entertainment. Prime time after 8:15 p.m. was reserved for entertainment from 1978, political magazines had to give way to 9:00 p.m., and later even to 9:45 p.m. The ARD had to "make an offer for majorities at 8:15 pm", recognized the ARD entertainment coordinator.
The significant decline in viewers hit the traditional magazines Panorama and Monitor in particular . While Panorama slipped to fourth place in Poltimagazine's audience favor in 2012 (2.78 million viewers), Monitor was hit even harder. With 2.67 million viewers, it is only in last place. The market leader is now Report Munich (3.74 million; market share 13%), followed by Report Mainz (3.59 million), Fakt (3.53 million) and Kontraste (2.71 million). Only Frontal21 (2.57 million; 8.2%) and Spiegel TV (RTL) (1.69 million; 7.2%) did worse .
The reach and market share of the German tv political magazines shifted in 2014 compared to the previous year: As in previous years, the most watched political magazines were the programs Report Munich, Report Mainz and Fakt, which were broadcast on Tuesday in Erste . However, Report Mainz had to hand over its management position from the previous year to Report Munich %. Although the show lost 30,000 viewers compared to the previous year, with an average of 3.4 million viewers it still achieved the top position among the political magazines on German television. At the broadcasting slot of the ARD Politmagazine on Thursday, Kontraste was in first place with an average of 2.87 million viewers in 2014 , moving from sixth place among the political magazines to fourth. The ZDF political magazine Frontal 21 ranks last among the political magazines on ARD and ZDF. With 1.57 million viewers, SpiegelTV is still the bottom of the list of political magazines on German television in terms of audience acceptance . However, the viewers of Frontal 21 are much younger than the viewers of the political formats of the public service. For 14 to 49 year olds, Frontal 21 had a market share of 10.7 percent, for 14 to 59 year olds it was 9.5 percent.
In 2006 there was a lengthy discussion on ARD about the future of ARD political magazines. The result was that the magazines stayed in their old slots but were cut from 45 to 30 minutes. This happened despite the criticism of the magazine makers and despite protests from journalist organizations. The reason given was the bringing forward of the day's topics to 10:15 p.m.
Average audience ratings in 2014
| Politmagazin | TV station | Broadcast day | Range | Market share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Report Munich | ARD | Tuesday | 3.45 million | 12.4% |
| Report Mainz | ARD | Tuesday | 3.37 million | 12.4% |
| FACT | ARD | Tuesday | 3.15 million | 11.6% |
| Contrasts | ARD | Thursday | 2.87 million | 10.7% |
| monitor | ARD | Thursday | 2.67 million | 10.1% |
| panorama | ARD | Thursday | 2.66 million | 9.9% |
| Frontal21 | ZDF | Tuesday | 2.53 million | 8.2% |
| mirror TV | RTL | Sunday | 1.57 million | 7.4% |
List of political magazines
ARD
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ZDF
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BRMRNDRRBB
SWRWDR |
RTLSat 1
ORF
SRF 1DFF / television of the GDR
ver.diWorldwide |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hugo DeBurgh: Investigative Journalism . 2008, p. 62
- ^ John L. Thomas: Alternative America . 1983, p. 375
- ^ Monika Estermann, Edgar Lersch: book, book trade and radio . 2003, p. 229
- ↑ Reply: 100% correct . In: Der Spiegel . No. 18 , 1971, p. 55 ( online ).
- ↑ Political magazines from ARD and ZDF are fighting to reduce audience numbers . Digitalfernsehen.de, September 21, 2011
- ↑ a b The curse of the broadcasting station . Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , January 22, 2013
- ^ Joachim-Felix Leonhard, Hans-Werner Ludwig : Media Studies . 2002, p. 2271
- ↑ Anja Reschke : The Inconvenient: How “Panorama” changed the republic . 2011
- ↑ Too many shows: ARD is converting evening offers . WAZ, November 13, 2012
- ↑ Politmagazine: Change of leadership after ARD Rochade . DWDL media magazine, December 14, 2012.
- ↑ Report Munich takes the lead back . DWDL media magazine; Retrieved April 21, 2015
- ↑ Long Breath Reform . Mercury Online; Retrieved April 14, 2015
- ↑ Ralph Kotsch: Fight on two fronts . In: Berliner Zeitung , January 27, 2005