Popponen

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The Franconian Babenberger or Popponen originally come from the Grabfeldgau . The name is associated with the former Babenburg on the Bamberg Domberg .

development

The oldest known ancestor of the Franconian Babenbergs was Poppo , who probably descended from the Robertin Cancor . In this respect, the Poppons are an early branch of the Robertines, from which the French royal family of the Capetians arose . According to Poppo, the gender is also called Popponen . Poppo was count in the early 9th century in the Grabfeld, which is now in the border area between Bavaria and Thuringia . One of his sons was Heinrich , who initially held the office of princeps militiae under Ludwig the Younger . At the time of Charlemagne , who preferred the family, Heinrich became marchio francorum (Margrave of the Franks) and dux Austrasiorum (Duke of the Austrasians). He fell in 886 fighting the Normans . His brother, Poppo (II.) Was at the same time Margrave of Thuringia (880-892), but was deposed by Karl's successor Arnulf . Instead of the Popponen, he favored the Konradiner from Lahngau , who were related to his wife Oda.

The rivalry between the two Frankish count families, the Konradiner and the Frankish Babenberger, was intensified by their efforts to intensify their respective authorities in the central Main area. This dispute, known as the Babenberg feud , reached its climax in the early 10th century during the troubled reign of King Ludwig IV of the East Franconia , the child . The leaders of the Franconian Babenbergs were the three sons of Duke Heinrich - Adalbert, Adalhard and Heinrich - who named themselves after the Babenburg (Castrum babenberch) on the Bamberg Cathedral Hill , in the vicinity of which their estates were located.

When the Franconian Babenbergers incorporated small parts of the diocese of Würzburg into their domain in 902, King Ludwig IV withdrew several goods from them in return and gave them to Bishop Rudolf von Würzburg , a Conradin. This led to years of feud between the two sexes. First, Count Adalbert drove the bishop out of Würzburg, whereupon his brothers, Counts Konrad , Gebhard and Eberhard, came to his aid and the dispute spread to Hesse. Finally, in 906, when the Babenbergs attacked the Konradines near Fritzlar , both Konrad and Heinrich von Babenberg were killed in action. Adalhard was soon killed by Gebhard in blood revenge for the death of his brother Eberhard.

The only survivor of the Babenberg brothers, Adalbert , was called to the royal court by the chancellor and regent Hatto I , Archbishop of Mainz , a supporter of the Conradines. He refused to appear and held his castle Theres (today Obertheres near Haßfurt ) against the royal army for some time , but surrendered in 906 and, despite Hatto's promise of safe conduct, was convicted and beheaded. The son of the above-mentioned Konrad, Konrad the Younger , became the undisputed Duke of Franconia (and in 911 King of the East Franconian Empire), while the Babenbergs lost a large part of their possessions and offices in Franconia. The Popponen withdrew to the northeastern part of their home country, where they founded the county of Henneberg around the castles Struphe and Henneberg . The diocese of Bamberg was established in 1007 on the soil of the former Babenberg heartland, which was withdrawn as a settled imperial fief and which Emperor Otto II gave to his quarreling cousin Duke Heinrich the Quarrel in 973 .

Adalbert's son Heinrich von Babenberg survived the feud. It is believed that he was the progenitor of the Schweinfurt counts and the younger Babenberg line .

Tribe list of the Franconian Babenbergs

  1. Heim (e) rich (Heimo), † May 5, 795 near Lüne an der Elbe , 764 co-founder of Lorsch Abbey , around 771/785 Graf in der Wetterau , 772/782 Graf in Oberrheingau , 777 Graf in Saalgau , 778 Graf im Lahngau , 784 Abbot of Mosbach - for ancestors see Robertiner
    1. Ruadbert (Robert), † probably 805, Count 780/781
      1. Cancor, Count 812
      2. Ruadbert (Robert), 817 Graf im Saalgau , Oberrheingau and Wormsgau
    2. Heimerich (Heinrich), Count 750 / 802-812; ⚭ Hadaburg
      1. Poppo I. , 819/839 count in Saalgau ; ⚭? NN from the Hatton family
        1. son
          1. Heinrich , attested in 860, † August 28, 886 outside Paris , 866 princeps militiae , margrave ( marchio ) of the Franks, Dux Austrasiorum , buried in St. Médard in Soissons ; ⚭? Ingeltrud , daughter of Eberhard von Friaul ( Unruochinger )
            1. Adalbert , executed June 9, 906, Count 888
            2. Adalhard , executed in 902, count 888
            3. Heinrich, † 902/903, Count 888
              1. ? Heinrich, probably the son of Adalbert, Adalhard or Heinrich, † probably 935, Count 912/934 - Heinrich was probably the father of Heinrich von Trier, Poppo von Würzburg and Count Bertold; all that is certain is that Heinrich and Poppo were brothers
                1. ? Heinrich I , † July 3, 964 in Rome , 956 Archbishop of Trier
                2. ? Poppo I. , † 14./15. February 961, 931–940 royal chancellor, 941-961 bishop of Würzburg
                3. ? Berthold , † January 15, 980, 941 count, 960 count in Radenzgau , 961 count on the lower Naab , 973 count in Volkfeld , 976 margrave , 980 count in eastern Franconia ; ⚭ 942/943 Eiliswintha (Eila) von Walbeck , † August 19, 1015, daughter of Count Lothar II, founder of the Benedictine monastery Schweinfurt - for descendants see Schweinfurt (noble family)
            4. Hadui (ch), † December 24, 903; ⚭ around 869/870 Otto the Illustrious , Duke of Saxony , † November 30, 912 ( Liudolfinger )
          2. Poppo (II.) , 878 / 880-906 attested, Margrave ( marchio ), dux , 892 Margrave of the Sorbenmark , 903 Margrave in the Bavarian Nordgau , 906 Graf im Volkfeld
            1. Adalbert, 898/915 Graf im Grabfeld
            2. Poppo (III.), † 945, Graf im Grabfeld and Tullifeld
              1. ? Poppo (IV.), Count 951/956
              2. ? Otto (I.), Count 951 / 955-982
                1. Otto (II.), Count 999/1008
                  1. Poppo (V.) , 1006-1014 / 18 Abbot of Lorsch and Fulda
                  2. Otto (III.), Count 1031/49
                    1. Poppo I, † August 7, 1078 in the battle of Mellrichstadt , Count von Henneberg probably 1037, 1049, 1057; ⚭ Hildegard von Thuringia , daughter of Landgrave Ludwig the Bearded , married Thimo von Nordeck ( Ludowinger ) in their second marriage
                    2. Godebold, † after 1100, 1057 Burgrave of Würzburg
                      1. Godebold II, † 1144, Burgrave of Würzburg
                        1. Poppo II., † May 9 / May 18 June 1155/1156, Count von Henneberg , 1132 Vogt of Lorsch Abbey ; ⚭ Irmgard von Stade , daughter of Count Lothar Udo, Margrave of the Nordmark ( Udonen )
                        2. Gebhard , † March 17, 1159, 1122/27 Elekt , 1150 Bishop of Würzburg ,
                        3. Günther , † 1161, 1146 Bishop of Speyer
                        4. Otto , 1190–1200 Bishop of Speyer
                        5. Berthold, † 1157, Burgrave of Würzburg - descendants are the Counts of Henneberg
                  3. Gerberga; ⚭ Heinrich von Schweinfurt , † September 18, 1017, count in the Bavarian Nordgau ( Schweinfurt (noble family) )
            3. ? Daughter ; ⚭ Count Wilhelm, probably Wilhelm I Count of Weimar -Orlamünde
      2. Heimerich, † 836, count
        1. ? Ratolf , probably 838 Graf im Grabfeld , 874 Graf ( Dux ) der Sorbenmark

Web links

literature

used therein:

  • Alfred Friese: Studies on the history of the rule of the Franconian nobility. The mainland-Thuringian area from 7th to 11th Century . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-12-913140-X ( History and Society - Bochum Historical Studies 18), (At the same time: Bochum, Univ., Habil.-Schr.).
  • Ferdinand Geldner: New contributions to the history of the "old Babenbergers". Meisenbach, Bamberg 1971, ISBN 3-87525-023-0 ( Bamberg studies on Franconian and German history 1).
  • Wolfgang Metz : Babenberger and Rupertiner in East Franconia. In: Yearbook for Franconian State Research. Volume 18, 1958, ISSN  0446-3943 , pp. 295-304.
  • Michael Borgolte : Babenberger, older . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 1, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1980, ISBN 3-7608-8901-8 , Sp. 1321.

Further literature:

  • Donald C. Jackman : The pedigree of the earliest German kings. In: Herold Yearbook, New Series, Volume 15 (2010), p. 47 ff.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Jackman, p. 65
  2. ↑ Due to the gap between Poppo and Heinrich, researchers are discussing whether a generation should not be “inserted” between these two. Correspondingly, a suggestion by Geldner (Historisches Jahrbuch 84 (1964), p. 257 ff.) And a comment by Wenskus (Saxon tribal nobility and fränkischer Reichsadel (1976), p. 250); Friese, on the other hand, sees “no reason” (Studies ..., p. 104). Jackman (p. 64 f.) Suggests including Grabfeld Count Christian (attested in 857/876) here; in his wife Heilwig (MGH Diplomata rerum Germaniae ex stirpe Karolinorum, Volume 1, No. 135) he suspects a daughter of the Saxon Duke Ekbert , while Hlawitschka sees her a generation later as the daughter of Ekbert's son Cobbo .
  3. ↑ For this marriage see the article on Ingeltrud