Post war

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Example of a post-war receipt from 1951: The emergency stamp - at that time required on mail to the FRG - was objected to in the GDR if it was discovered on a mail item. In this case, the return was made with a corresponding frame stamp as an indication of the type of complaint.
Example of post war document from 1971: a brand of West German structures Series 5 Pf Stettin / Pomerania. On a letter in the USSR (Pol. Most likely due to the representation of a building in Szczecin, Poland Szczecin ), which was located in the Soviet-influenced Eastern bloc, and use objected to the German place name - recognizable the return stamp with which the letter was returned from the Soviet postal service, and a stuck-on note from the Federal Post Office with a corresponding counter-declaration.

As a post war , it is called when the postal organization of a country of another country does not accept mail for political reasons. It is crucial that brands and stamps or other official postal features on the consignment are the reason for the complaint. The post offices in the recipient country treat the mail accordingly: They blacken the postal features that are the subject of the complaint, demand an additional fee, send the mail back or take other measures.

Worldwide postal wars

Postal wars have been in the history of the Post since at least 1870, so they are not just part of the Cold War . There are post war scenarios all over the world; many countries were “victims” or “triggers” of post wars. The last known post war to this day lasted from 2000 to at least 2011 between Macedonia and Greece .

History of the Post War

Here is a chronological compilation of well-known postal wars. The list is incomplete.

  • 1870/72 postwar between Alsace-Lorraine as part of the German Empire and France . The occupation stamps and later breastplate stamps were not recognized as valid for postage in France and a postage fee was charged. In return, French brands were not recognized in Alsace-Lorraine and an additional fee was also charged.
  • 1914 post war between the United States and Mexico . The US occupation of Veracruz had postal consequences. Mexico did not accept shipments from Veracruz with US stamps and imposed an additional fee. The USA then allowed Mexican brands on shipments from occupied Veracruz to Mexico. These shipments were transported from Mexico without objection.
  • 1933–39 post war between Hungary and the ČSR . The Czechoslovak side complained about two Hungarian airmail stamps. The corresponding shipments were returned with handwritten notes or stickers. In return, Hungary objected to certain Czechoslovakian brands and returned items with a handwritten note.
  • 1934–37 postwar between Manchukuo and China . China blackened stamps with country names and dates of the Japanese puppet state.
  • 1948/49 Berlin Post War - West Berlin and the Soviet Occupation Zone (SBZ) fought a post war as part of the currency reform in West and East Germany. The SBZ refused to recognize the West Berlin brands, later the West Berlin Post reacted and no longer recognized the SBZ brands. Essentially, there were returns and postage charges.
  • 1949–56 Postwar because of the Notopfer Berlin brand between the Bizone / French Zone / Federal Republic of Germany and the Soviet Zone / GDR . The stamp did not have to be affixed to shipments to the Soviet Zone / GDR, Berlin and abroad. In the Soviet Zone / GDR the trademark was rejected because of its relation to Berlin and, if found, objected to. There were rejections (see picture) and blackening.
  • 1959/60 postwar because of the stamps and stamps World Refugee Year . Approx. 70 postal administrations issued corresponding stamps. Many of these stamps and corresponding stamps were rejected by Poland , Czechoslovakia , Romania and the USSR , either because they were defaced or they were returned.
Postage stamp from 1965 : 20 years of displacement
Stamp 20 years of expulsion , blackened by the GDR , 1965
The Soviet Union did not accept the identifier D-2201
  • 1965–72 postwar between the Federal Republic and the Eastern Bloc states . The stamp of 20 years of expulsion of the Bundespost was rejected as " revanchist " in the Eastern Bloc countries and, if found on mail, "treated". The GDR used various colored overpaintings. Poland, the ČSSR, the USSR, Romania, Bulgaria , Hungary, China , North Korea and Mongolia also “treated” the brand. Something similar happened from 1966 onwards with individual brands in the West German series Deutsche Bauwerke from twelve centuries . Brands that represent buildings in the GDR, Poland or the USSR were affected. The German place names were also used. The GDR, Poland, the ČSSR and the USSR participated in the rejection. The measures mainly consisted of returns (see picture) and blackened inscriptions. But the stamp 50 years of German airmail traffic issued by the Bundespost in 1969 , which shows a Junkers JU 52 , was not accepted in the Soviet Union because Adolf Hitler used the machine with the identification D-2201 on his propaganda trips.
  • Buildings on the territory of the GDR

  • 10 Pf. Zwinger in Dresden (1964)

  • Zwinger in Dresden (1967)

  • 60 Pf. Treptower Tor in Neubrandenburg (1964)

  • Treptower Tor in Neubrandenburg (1967)

  • 1 DM Melanchthon House in Wittenberg

  • Buildings on the territory of Poland

  • 5 Pf. Berliner Tor in Stettin

  • 2 DM town hall in Löwenberg

  • Buildings on the territory of the Soviet Union

  • 90 Pf. Zschock's monastery in Koenigsberg

  • 1965–71 postwar between (Southern) Rhodesia and Great Britain . The independence of Rhodesia was not recognized by Great Britain and stamp issues of Rhodesia on this occasion were declared invalid in Great Britain. The first decimal marks in Rhodesia were also not recognized by Great Britain. In both cases there were additional charges. Other Commonwealth countries such as India , Mauritius , Malawi and Zambia also joined this measure.
  • 1967–72 postwar between Israel and some Eastern bloc states . The brands of Israel with representations that were military or perceived as political (e.g. depictions of East Jerusalem ) were objected to in the GDR, the USSR and Poland. Corresponding shipments were returned with stamps or stickers.
1971 Invincible Vietnam postage stamp
  • 1985–89 postwar between the Federal Republic and Eastern Bloc countries. The brands 40 years of displaced persons , 30 years of the Bundeswehr and the Reichstag building were not accepted by various Eastern Bloc countries and corresponding shipments were returned. The GDR, Poland, the ČSSR, Bulgaria, Mongolia, the USSR and Afghanistan participated to varying degrees . In the same period of time, the Federal Republic of the GDR jewelry envelope for 25 years of anti-fascist protective wall was rejected and returned.
  • Affected federal postage stamps from 1985 and 1986

  • 40 years of integration of displaced Germans

  • Basic ideas of democracy, Bundeswehr

  • Basic ideas of democracy, building of the history of Germany: Reichstag building in Berlin

  • 1989 Post war between Algeria and France as France issued a stamp in honor of the Harki soldiers.
  • 1989–92 postwar between China and Taiwan . From 1989 onwards, when the postal service began, China and Taiwan each objected to the other country's stamps by (partial) blackening.
  • 1995 Post War between Israel and the Palestinian Authority . The Palestinian Authority issued postage stamps labeled Palestine instead of Palestine Authority (PA) .
  • 1999 post war between France and Lebanon . The French brand 40 years of diplomatic relations between France and Israel was criticized on mail to Lebanon. The French Post sent returning letters back to Lebanon in a replacement envelope.
  • 2000 to at least 2011 between Macedonia and Greece . Greece was bothered by the name Macedonia on postage stamps, as there is a region of the same name in Greece . Corresponding shipments were canceled with stamps declaring Macedonia "FYROM" (= Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia).

Others

Drawing by Walter Fürstenau on the subject of postwar: mail exchange at the sector border in 1949.

During ongoing postal wars it happens that larger quantities of (from the point of view of the recipient country) objectionable mail items are sent there in order to receive appropriately marked mail items, e.g. B. for collecting purposes to "produce".

literature

  • Jan Heijs: Postwar from 1870 to today: A collection area that is not completely closed: an inventory ; in philately 67th year, issue 461 from November 2015; (Philately and Postal History No. 382); Pp. 49-53.
  • Dedo Burhop / Jan Heijs: special post-war catalog 1870–2008; 7th edition, 2011
  • Wolfgang Elsner: The 'classic' post wars - before 1948 ; 2011
  • Wolfgang Elsner: The Berlin Post War 1949-49 ; 2005
  • Wolfgang Elsner: Foreign countries and postal propaganda of the Third Reich in: Philately and Postal History, No. 333, March 2005; P. 31.
  • Hans-Paul Engel: About postal wars in earlier times in: Philately and Postal History, No. 172, May 1997, p. 38.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ philately 461; P. 51.
  2. ↑ Jan Rosenkranz: Salto postale. The cold philatelic war after the building of the wall , the Friday of August 10, 2001
  3. ↑ philately 461; P. 52.
  4. ↑ philately 461; P. 52.
  5. ↑ philately 461, p. 53.

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