Prairie lilies
| Prairie lilies | ||||||||||||
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Edible prairie lily ( Camassia quamash ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Camassia | ||||||||||||
| Lindl. |
The Camassia ( Camassia ) are a genus within the subfamily of the Agavaceae (Agavoideae). The six or so species are common in North America .
description
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Vegetative characteristics
The Camassia species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . These geophytes form egg-shaped to spherical bulbs as persistence organs, which stand individually or in groups. The onion skins are black or brown.
The leaves are spirally arranged in a basal rosette. The simple leaf blades are linear, keeled and parallel-veined.
Generative characteristics
It forms racemose inflorescences with bracts . The flower stalks are spread out and curve upright until the fruit is ripe.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic or radial symmetry and threefold. The six more or less identical, durable, free bracts have colors between white, light and very dark blue tones to violet, three to nine nerves, are lanceolate and more or less turn when dry. There are septal nectaries . There are six free stamens . The stamens are slender. Three carpels are a top permanent ovary deformed, the 6 to 36 ovules contains. The thread-like stylus ends in a three-lobed scar.
The egg-shaped to ellipsoidal or almost spherical capsule fruits open in folds = loculicidal and contain 6 to 36 seeds. The glossy black seeds are 2 to 4 millimeters in length and are obovate-pear-shaped to ovate-ellipsoidal.
The basic chromosome number is x = 15.
Systematics
The genus Camassia was established in 1832 by John Lindley . Synonyms for Camassia Lindl. nom. cons. are: Stilla W. Young nom. nud., Cyanotris Raf. , Bulbedulis Raf. , Lemotrys Raf. , Quamasia Raf. , Sitocodium Salisb.
There are around six species of Camassia :
- Camassia angusta (Engelmann & A.Gray) Blankinship : It is found in the eastern and central United States.
- Common prairie lily ( Camassia cusickii S. Watson ): It is found only in northeastern Oregon and western Idaho .
- Camassia howellii S. Watson : This endemic occurs in southwest Oregon only in Jackson and Jesephine counties.
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Leichtlin prairie lily ( Camassia Leichtlinii (Baker) S. Watson ): There are two subspecies:
- Camassia Leichtlinii subsp. Leichtlinii : This endemic occurs only in southwestern Oregon.
- Camassia Leichtlinii subsp. suksdorfii (Greenm.) Gould : It occurs in western North America from the southern part of the Canadian province of British Columbia and in the US states of Oregon, Washington to central California .
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Edible prairie lily ( Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene ): There are eight subspecies in western to central North America:
- Camassia quamash subsp. azurea (A.Heller) Gould : This endemic occurs only in northwest Washington.
- Camassia quamash subsp. breviflora Gould : It occurs in Washington, Oregon, Nevada and California.
- Camassia quamash subsp. intermedia Gould : This endemic is found only in southwestern Oregon.
- Camassia quamash subsp. linearis Gould : This endemic occurs only in western California.
- Camassia quamash subsp. maxima Gould : It occurs in southwestern British Columbia, Washington and Oregon.
- Camassia quamash subsp. quamash : It occurs from western Canada to the northwestern United States.
- Camassia quamash subsp. utahensis Gould : It occurs in Idaho, Montana , Wyoming and Utah .
- Camassia quamash subsp. whale polei (Piper) Gould : This endemic is found only in southwest Oregon.
- Eastern prairie lily ( Camassia scilloides ( Raf. ) Cory Syn .: Cyanotris scilloides Raf. , Quamasia scilloides (Raf.) Raf. , Stilla carolinensis W. Young nom. Nud., Scilla esculenta Ker Gawl. , Phalangium luteum Nutt. , Lemotrys hyacinthina Raf. , Ornithogalum nuttallianum Kunth , Ornithogalum texanum Scheele , Camassia gawleri Torr. , Camassia fraseri Torr. , Scilla fraseri (Torr.) A. Gray , Schoenolirion texanum (Scheele) A. Gray , Quamasia hyacinthina (Raf.) Britton , Oxytria tex (Scheele) Pollard , Camassia esculenta (Ker Gawl.) BLRob. Nom. Illeg., Camassia hyacinthina (Raf.) EJPalmer & Steyerm. ): It occurs in Ontario and in the central to eastern USA.
use
The onions were an important food of the North American peoples, especially of the Pacific Northwest region. Some species of Camassia are used as ornamental plants .
swell
- Tom A. Ranker, Tim Hogan: Camassia. , Pp. 303-307 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 . (Sections description, systematics, dissemination and use)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Tom A. Ranker, Tim Hogan: Camassia. , Pp. 303-307 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Camassia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 13, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
further reading
- Mark Fishbein, Susan R. Kephart, Mike Wilder, Kate M. Halpin, Shannon L. Datwyler: Phylogeny of Camassia (Agavaceae) Inferred from Plastid rpl16 Intron and trnD — trnY — trnE — trnT Intergenic Spacer DNA Sequences: Implications for Species Delimitation. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 35, Number 1, 2010, pp. 77-85. ( DOI: 10.1600 / 036364410790862588 )
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