Project 641B Som
 A Project 641B boat showed up.
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The project 641B Som ( Russian Сом , catfish ), by NATO as a Tango class called, was one for the Soviet Navy built class diesel-electric submarines from the time of the Cold War .
development
Project 641B was a direct further development of the successful Project 641 , which it replaced from 1971 in production for the needs of the Soviet Navy, while the previous class continued to be produced for export.
The "Rubin" development office designed the new boat class. Although at first glance it differs little from the previous project 641, extensive changes have been made. Project 641B received a revised sensor and communication system as well as a hull shape optimized for underwater travel, which was so effective for the first time that Project 641B was faster submerged than on the surface. There was also a new concept for the arrangement and type of armament. The boat type is accordingly considered to be the third generation in Russian diesel submarine construction.
hull
Compared to the submarines of Project 641, this class had a more streamlined hull, which was additionally coated with rubber sheets, so that the search pulses of enemy sonar systems were absorbed and not reflected. Space savings within the pressure hull, achieved by the elimination of parts of the armament, made it possible to provide each seaman with his own bunk . As a result, several seamen no longer had to share a bunk.
Drive systems
Project 641B were equipped with three marine diesel engines of the 2D42 type, each with an output of 1,900 hp (1,397 kW). These engines provided propulsion energy by burning fuel oil and oxygen from the ambient air. This system only worked if enough outside air could be supplied, i.e. on the surface or when snorkeling in shallow water. The snorkel was installed aft in the tower. This enabled 13 knots to be reached on the surface.
When diving, two PG-101 electric motors with 1,350 HP (993 kW) each drove the two outer shafts , the middle one was driven by a PG-102 electric motor with 2,700 HP (1,985 kW). Lead accumulators served as energy storage. Up to 15 knots were reached. Alternatively, the middle shaft was driven by a PG-104 electric motor with 140 PS (103 kW), also described as a crawl speed motor, which consumed much less electricity and was much quieter than the PG-102.
Range
The fuel carried was sufficient for 14,000 nautical miles at a speed of 7 knots. When diving, the electric motors could cover 450 nautical miles at 2.5 knots when the batteries were fully charged.
Sensors
The sonar system of Project 641B had the code name "Rubicon" and was a new development from the late 1960s. The large dimensions and the heavy weight of the new sonar were not allowed to have any influence on the balance of the submarines, so that some of the structural elements were housed in their own pressure hull in order to compensate for the weight of the sonar system with additional buoyancy.
The sonar was housed in the lower half of the bow, had a cylindrical basic shape and for the first time relied on thyristors , the information of which was transmitted via downstream preamplifiers to the sonar station in the pressure hull of the boat. The information was displayed there and recorded both electromechanically and on paper so that a library of sound profiles could be created.
Armament
Each boat was equipped with six bow torpedo tubes in the standard 533 mm caliber. 24 torpedoes of various types or 44 sea mines could be carried as ammunition reserves. The stern torpedo tubes of the previous class were deleted so that there was significantly more space available in the interior. The omission of the stern torpedo tubes had hardly any tactical disadvantages, as modern torpedo types could also fight targets in the rear quadrant after firing from the bow tubes, so that the holding of stern torpedoes was no longer necessary.
While the previous project 641 was only designed for torpedoes against surface targets, the boats of the project 641B were able to use anti-submarine torpedoes for the first time. Conventional models like the 53-65M and 53-65K have been supplemented with the TEST-71M torpedo.
In contrast to its predecessors, the TEST-71M torpedo had a system for remote control by means of a control wire. The wire steering was supplemented by an active sonar sensor in the torpedo nose, so that the commander of a boat could decide whether the weapon was set down via wire steering without telltale active sonar emissions, or self-steering with active sonar. The weapon was nearly eight meters long, reached speeds of up to 40 knots and carried a 205 kilogram warhead with a proximity fuse. Targets could be tracked and attacked at depths between 2 and 400 meters.
units
From 1971 to 1982 a total of 18 units of this class were built and put into service with the Soviet Navy. Their main tasks included the use against surface ships and anti-submarine missions. The boats of Project 641B remained in active service with the Russian Navy until the end of the 1990s . To date, all of them have been scrapped, are in reserve fleets or have been converted into museums.
Selection:
B-515
The boat was laid down in Gorky on March 30, 1975 and launched on April 29, 1976. After its commissioning on December 29, 1976, it was assigned to the Northern Fleet. It conducted several patrols in the Mediterranean between 1980 and 1984 and visited Havana in October 1985 . In 1996/1997 the Ukrainian artist Alexander Ponomarjow applied a pattern of yellow, white and red shapes over the entire length of the boat above the waterline as part of an art project. In 1998 the boat was transferred to the reserve of the fleet and finally decommissioned in April 2001. In 2002 the boat was sold to a German entrepreneur and converted into a museum ship U-434 at Blohm & Voss . It can be viewed in Hamburg .
B-396
B-396 was laid down on August 31, 1979 and launched in Gorki on May 17, 1980. It performed its service in the Northern Fleet and drove missions in the Mediterranean, the Atlantic and the Black Sea . In 1984 it was given the honorary name " Komsomol of Novosibirsk ". In 1988 it was equipped with new communication equipment. In 1992 the honorary name was dropped again after the end of the Soviet Union. In 1997 the boat was transferred to the reserve and decommissioned in 1998. The boat was towed to Severodvinsk and converted into a museum ship in the shipyard there . In 2001, B-396 was towed across rivers to Moscow and opened there as a museum on July 26, 2006.
B-307
The boat was laid down in Gorky on March 7, 1980 and launched on September 30 of that year. B-307 was assigned to the Northern Fleet and carried out numerous missions in the Atlantic and Mediterranean in the following years. It crossed the equator and visited Syria and Algeria in 1985 . In 1990 the boat was docked for overhaul, but the work was not completed for financial reasons. In the course of the preparatory work for scrapping, an accident occurred while parts were being removed, in which an officer and a mate were killed. In 2002 the boat was sold to a museum. B-307 was towed through the Neva , Lake Ladoga , Swir , Onega , White Lake, Rybinsk Reservoir and finally across the Volga to its destination in Tolyatti , where it can be viewed.
Evidence and references
Remarks
- ↑ after J. Apalkow: Корабли ВМФ СССР. Многоцелевые ПЛ и ПЛ спецназначания. P. 46 there are 78
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b J. Apalkow: Корабли ВМФ СССР. Многоцелевые ПЛ и ПЛ спецназначания. P. 46.
- ↑ a b J. Apalkow: Корабли ВМФ СССР. Многоцелевые ПЛ и ПЛ спецназначания. P. 46 and following.
- ^ Oleg A. Godin, David R. Palmer: History of Russian underwater acoustics. P. 503.
- ^ Oleg A. Godin, David R. Palmer: History of Russian underwater acoustics. P. 507.
- ↑ J. Apalkow: Корабли ВМФ СССР. Многоцелевые ПЛ и ПЛ спецназначания. P. 46.
- ^ Norman Friedman: The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapon systems. Pp. 733, 734.
- ↑ Article on the TEST-71 series at military.tomsk.ru, viewed on July 21, 2011
- ^ Gallery with works by Ponomarjow on barbarian-art.com , viewed on July 21, 2011
- ↑ Website of U-434, the museum boat in Hamburg , viewed on July 18, 2011 ( Memento of the original from August 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
literature
- J. Apalkow: Корабли ВМФ СССР. Многоцелевые ПЛ и ПЛ спецназначания. (For example: Ships of the USSR - multipurpose submarines and special submarines. ) Saint Petersburg 2003, ISBN 5-8172-0069-4 (Russian).
- Oleg A. Godin, David R. Palmer: History of Russian underwater acoustics. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008, ISBN 978-9812568250 (English).
- Norman Friedman: The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapon systems. 5th edition, US Naval Institute Press, 2006, ISBN 978-1557502629 (English).
Web links
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