Pyramid Schillergrass

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Great schiller grass
Greater schiller grass (Koeleria pyramidata)

Greater schiller grass (Koeleria pyramidata)

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Schiller grasses ( Koeleria )
Type : Great schiller grass
Scientific name
Koeleria pyramidata
(Lam.) P. Beauv.

The greater schiller grass ( Koeleria pyramidata ), also called pyramidal schiller grass or meadow combs , is a species of the genus Schiller grass ( Koeleria ) and thus the family of sweet grasses (Poaceae).

description

The Great Schillergrass is a perennial grass that forms loose clumps with long underground runners and renewal shoots. The culms are 40–90 centimeters high, smooth and glabrous or short and densely hairy under the panicle. They have 2-3 short hairy nodes. The ligule is 0.5–1 millimeters long and collar-shaped. The leaf blades are 5–20 centimeters long, their width is 2-3 millimeters for the renewal shoots and up to 3.5 millimeters for the stalk leaves. The leaves are spread out flat, glabrous or with short hairs and often have long, stiff eyelashes at the edges. The flower panicle is 6–12– (20) centimeters long, contracted and 1–2 centimeters wide. During the flowering period it is up to 3 centimeters wide and pyramidal and often interrupted in the lower part. The spikelets are 2–3 flowered, 5.5–8 millimeters long, whitish-green or light brown and shiny. The lower glume is single-nerved, 4–5 millimeters long, the upper three-nerved and 5–6 millimeters long. The lemmas are three- veined , 4–6 millimeters long, pointed or tapering into a short awning tip. The palea are two-veined. The anthers are 2–2.5 millimeters long. The flowering period is June to July.

The chromosome number is 2n = 14, 28, 42, 70 or 84.

distribution

The greater schiller grass occurs from Europe to Siberia and Nepal . In the Alps it rises to over 2300 meters above sea level.

ecology

The greater Schillergrass grows in lime, lean grasslands, on sheep pastures, on paths or in sparse pine forests, on moderately dry, lean, base-rich, mostly calcareous, humus loess, loam or clay soils, also on sand. It occurs in societies of the Mesobromion association, is a species of the order Brometalia, but also thrives in societies of the Molinion, Erico-Pinion or the Seslerietea class.

With good fertilization, the species disappears.

Taxonomy and systematics

Koeleria pyramidata was by Lamarck under the name Poa pyramidata in Tabl. Encycl. 1: 183 (1791) first described. Ambroise Marie François Joseph Palisot de Beauvois continued the species as Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P.Beauv. in ess. Agrostogr .: 166 (1812) in the genus Koeleria . Synonyms for Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P.Beauv. are: Koeleria cristata Pers. and Koeleria cristata var. pyramidata (Lam.) Pers.

Several subspecies can be distinguished in this species:

  • Sand Schiller grass ( Koeleria pyramidata subsp. Arenaria (Dumort) Quintanar & Castrov.. , Syn .: Koeleria cristata subsp. Arenaria Dumort. , Koeleria arenaria (Dumort) Ujhelyi. ): It is used in Spain, France, Great Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany. In Germany the species is restricted to the East Frisian Islands .
  • Koeleria pyramidata subsp. pyramidata : It occurs from Europe to Siberia and Nepal.
  • Koeleria pyramidata subsp. schroeteriana (Domin) Quintanar & Castrov. (Syn .: Koeleria schroeteriana (Domin) Ujhelyi , Koeleria eriostachya subsp. Schroeteriana Domin ): It occurs from northern Spain to western Switzerland and Italy.

Conert also distinguishes another subspecies:

  • Koeleria pyramidata subsp. montana (Hausmann) Dalla Torre ex Domin : The leaf blades are rolled up, the stalks are completely bare, the panicle is only up to 1 centimeter wide, the spikelets are tinged with purple. It occurs in the Alps on dry meadows and in larch forests at altitudes between 900 and 2000 meters above sea level.

literature

  • Hans Joachim Conert: Koeleria pyramidata . In: Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe . 3rd ed., Volume I, Part 3, pages 267-269. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg, 1987. ISBN 3-489-52320-2 (description, distribution, ecology)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  249 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Koeleria pyramidata. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 15, 2020.

Web links