quiz
A quiz is a question game or guessing game in which brain teasers and knowledge questions have to be answered as correctly as possible. Quiz programs are particularly popular on radio and television . A special form is the pub quiz , in which the guests of a restaurant compete against each other in table teams.
etymology
There is an anecdote about the origin of the word that has been rumored since 1836 , the truth of which is, however, very controversial as there is earlier evidence for the word according to the Oxford English Dictionary . Another indication of the doubts about the authenticity of the anecdote is that the various sources use different first names of the alleged author: John, Richard, James.
An Irish theater director named Daly therefore made a bet in 1791 that he would be able to introduce a new word into the English language within a day . Then he began to write the word "Quiz" on walls all over Dublin or to have it written. Nobody could do anything with it, but everyone was talking about the word. The thing was just a quiz, a riddle , and that's how it passed into common usage. Of course, Daly had won the bet.
Another theory says that the word "quiz" comes from the English word question . Question was abbreviated to “ques” and later became “quis” and ultimately “quiz”.
According to a third etymology , the English verb to quiz (to question) was preceded by the spelling quies , which probably comes from the Latin Qui es? "Who are you?" Is borrowed.
Quiz as a competition / sport
While a lot of luck is practically always built into the winning quiz in the media or parlor games, for example with special fields that enable additional prizes, placing questions, jokers and multiple responses, there have always been attempts to play quizzes based on the pure performance principle.
In the Anglo-Saxon region, the radio quiz Brain of Britain was created in the 1950s , and the television quiz Mastermind for individual players in 1970 . In addition, the “bowl” format for teams of four has played a major role in university quizzes since the 1950s, and allows you to click into very long and difficult questions with the buzzer. This is no longer broadcast by major broadcasters in the USA, the former association "College Bowl" could not stand up against the new major academic associations of the National Academic Quiz Tournament (NAQT) and the Academic Competition Federation (ACF) and gave up in 2008. But despite such upheavals, there is a great tradition.
In Great Britain there is the University Challenge , based on the US model in the 1960s , which is also played as a bowl and, which is quite rare for competitive quizzes, is televised by the BBC .
In some European countries there are leagues outside the universities in which teams play against each other without a buzzer, i.e. not in a bowl format. Something like this only happens in geographically limited areas like Belgium. Even in England there is no whole English league, but local leagues, of which the "Quiz League of London", created in 1990, is by far the most prestigious.
The simple idea of organizing national championships in individual came up relatively late, namely in Great Britain in the 1990s (then BQA, now BQC, British Quizzing Championship). Such championships were based on this model in Scandinavia, Denmark, Norway and Belgium. In India there is an event similar to a championship with the "Mahaquizzer". In 2011, a North American Championship with top stars like Ken Jennings was played for the first time .
The world association IQA was founded in the 21st century, and the number of participants in the annually decentralized quiz world championship (only played individually) exploded. In 2013, a total of 1992 championships were held in over 30 countries. Ten years earlier it was only about 30, and they all took place in the same place. The second annual major tournament is the European Championship , which is only played in English in a central location . The world's best quiz players, some of them professionals such as B. Kevin Ashman and Pat Gibson compete against each other. In contrast to the World Cup, there are also team competitions for couples and teams of four (e.g. national teams), but never with more than four players.
The focus of the competition quiz is in Northern Europe, v. a. in Great Britain and Belgium, with some reservations also in the Baltic Sea region (Scandinavia, Baltic States). Outside Europe, it is widespread in the English-speaking region / Commonwealth.
Other events include the National Quiz Super League, organized by Quizzing.co.uk, the Protmušis competition in Lithuania and the Reach for the Top in Canada .
Since 2011 there has been the German Quiz Association for players who play quizzes as a sport . a. the official quiz world championship in Germany every year, as well as a German championship. The Austrian Quiz Association was founded in 2016 and the Swiss Quiz Association in 2018 .
Quiz as a test method
Learning controls are didactically indispensable measures in order to make the success of learning processes as objective as possible for students and teachers. However, they are often not very popular with students because of their stressful nature and the possibility of failure or the disclosure of poor performance. Repeated failures often lead while learning chagrin and exam nerves . This can be avoided methodically by making the testing a self-testing and arousing curiosity about the increase in knowledge.
With this in mind, the quiz has long played an important role as a test method, especially in preschool pedagogy , primary school education and traffic education . The knowledge base for the pedestrian diploma and the cycling test are queried in the form of a quiz. The quiz turns the learning control into a game that alleviates the seriousness of the exam situation. With it, the teacher gains the desired knowledge about the learning progress almost imperceptibly and with great relish for the children.
Quiz as a board game
Many board games are planned as quizzes. The quiz as a board game didn't gain popularity until the late 1980s when Trivial Pursuit hit the market. In his wake came numerous offshoots, the game principle of which was roughly the same (mostly a circuit with tasks to be fulfilled or a ladder of success to be climbed with increasing difficulty of questions). Among them were the big knowledge quiz from Noris , knowledge spectrum from ASS Altenburger , game of knowledge ( MB ), the estimation game Anno Domini from Abacus, the ran SAT.1 football quiz Super Q as well as quiz games for children and adults from all areas of the Life. With the success of the quiz programs on television, the quiz game market, which had fallen asleep again in the mid-1990s, began to move again. Board game versions were distributed for many TV formats, some with electronic media support ( DVD ). In the course of the PISA discussion, knowledge and quiz games for children and young people are increasingly coming onto the market again, such as The Quiz of the 20th Century from Harenberg Verlag . Another example is the detailed and well-equipped game Bezzerwizzer by Mattel with 5000 questions from 2007.
The appeal of quiz games at the table depends on the number of questions. A minimum number of 1500 to 2000 different question cards is a prerequisite in order to avoid boredom in the long run . A balanced round of games with roughly the same level of knowledge also contributes to the success of a domestic quiz game.
Many guessing games can also be played without a template and without accessories from the game retailer. These include I see what you don't see , hangman or person advice . Often a piece of paper and pen are sufficient (example: hangman), sometimes no accessories are required, as with I see what you don't see .
Quiz as a computer game
Well-known computer games are z. B. You Don't Know Jack and Buzz! . There are also implementations of board games such as Trivial Pursuit and quiz programs such as Wer wird Millionär . Such computer games were also made in the 1980s, but mostly in English. With the advent of interactive websites , online quiz games were created, most of which can be played for free. Some of these games also offer the opportunity to compete virtually against friends and other players.
Quiz as an app
With the growing popularity of smartphones, quiz applications also emerged. One of the first significant ones was the Wise Men’s Game , written by the trivial pursuit writer Willi Andresen. One of the “Who will be a millionaire?” Question author Christian Matzerath brought EQ - The Evil Quiz, the “bad brother of WWM?” To the app store and also the original show Who Wants to be a Millionaire? has its own app . The world's most popular apps are currently Trivia Crack and Quizup , in German-speaking countries it is the Quizduell app . Various book and game publishers such as Ravensburger (Think Quiz) or moses.verlag (pocket quiz series, pub quiz) also offer corresponding quiz apps. The "Triviado Quiz app" currently has the largest questionnaire with more than 150,000 questions. As of 2020, hundreds of quiz apps are available for download in the app stores. Since 2017, apps that allow live quizzes at certain times have also been gaining popularity. This is an incipient amalgamation of app and TV. B. HQTrivia , Quipp , and 10 rounds 10 seconds .
Quiz shows and quiz masters on TV
Quiz television shows moderated by a quiz master are popular in many countries . If the candidate answers the questions asked by the Quizmaster correctly, he can win prizes in kind or cash. The most successful quiz show on German television is Wer wird Millionär .
Quiz shows on the radio
See also: radio show
- Who asks wins ( RIAS Berlin) with Hans Rosenthal
- Alone against everyone (RIAS Berlin) with Hans Rosenthal
- Austria Rally (ÖReg)
- belongs.know ( Ö1 ) with Mirjam Jessa , Doris Glaser , Paul Catty , Nikolaus Schauerhuber
- Points or packs (XORadio)
- 10 questions in 60 seconds (FFN)
- NDR 2 morning experts
- Millionenshow Austria with Armin Assinger
literature
- Ralf Schwarzer: Stress, fear and regulation of action. 4th, revised. Edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-17-015992-5 .
- Siegbert A. Warwitz: Learning objectives and learning controls. In: Ders .: Traffic education from the child. Perceive-play-think-act. 6th edition. Schneider-Verlag, Baltmannsweiler 2009, ISBN 978-3-8340-0563-2 , pp. 23-28.
See also
Web links
- Link catalog on the subject of quizzes at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
Individual evidence
- ↑ QLL homepage
- ↑ Norwegian Championship, there is also a Norway Open played in English
- ↑ Mahaquizzer Page
- ↑ Trivia Championship of North America in Planning Stages for June 2011. ( Memento from February 8, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Planning the American Championship
- ^ Results of the Nordic Open of the Baltic Sea region
- ↑ www.quizverein.de
- ↑ Austria: Land of Quizzer, rich future
- ↑ The quiz association is founded
- ↑ Schwarzer Ralf: Stress, fear and action regulation. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2000.
- ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz: Learning objectives and learning controls. In: Ders .: Traffic education from the child. Perceive-play-think-act. 6th edition. Schneider-Verlag, Baltmannsweiler 2009, pp. 23–28.
- ↑ https://www.androidcentral.com/best-live-trivia-quiz-games-apps-android
- ↑ RTL.de