Rhaphidophoridae
| Rhaphidophoridae | ||||||||||
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Female Dolichopoda schiavazzii , a cave shrimp from Tuscany |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the superfamily | ||||||||||
| Rhaphidophoroidea | ||||||||||
| Walker , 1871 | ||||||||||
| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||
| Rhaphidophoridae | ||||||||||
| Walker , 1871 |
The Rhaphidophoridae are the only family of the superfamily Rhaphidophoroidea from the order of the long-feeler terrors . In German they are also referred to as cave horrors . It includes about 550 species in 80 genera. Most of the known species occur from India to Southeast Asia to Australia and Polynesia. One species, the greenhouse insect, became cosmopolitan and is considered a pest in greenhouses. The extinct subfamily Protroglophilinae was described using amber inclusions.
features
All species are wingless . Its body is hunched, the antennae and hind legs are very long. Some species make sounds by rubbing the inside of the posterior femur against the abdomen and by rhythmically drumming the abdomen against, for example, the ground, branches or twigs. In some arenicolous (sand-dwelling) species, the hind legs are transformed into digging tools.
Way of life
Some groups are restricted to caves, others have adapted to a burrowing way of life. Most species live in leaf litter or dark crevices. They spend the day there and only come to the surface on damp nights to eat leaf litter or detritus . There are species that also eat mushrooms. At least once a cave-dwelling species was observed to capture newly hatched birds.
Systematics
The superfamily consists of one family, 10 subfamilies and numerous genera and species:
- Superfamily Rhaphidophoroidea Walker, F. 1871
- Family Rhaphidophoridae Walker, F. 1871
- Subfamily Aemodogryllinae Jacobson 1905
- Tribus Aemodogryllini Jacobson 1905
- Genus Diestrammena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Genus Eutachycines Storozhenko, 1990
- Genus Microtachycines Gorochov, 1992
- Genus Paradiestrammena Chopard, 1919
- Genus Paratachycines Storozhenko, 1990
- Tribus Diestramimini Gorochov 1998
- Genus Adiestramima Gorochov, 1998
- Genus Diestramima Storozhenko, 1990
- Genus Gigantettix Gorochov, 1998
- Genus Megadiestramima Storozhenko & Gorochov, 1992
- Genus Tamdaotettix Gorochov, 1998
- Tribus Aemodogryllini Jacobson 1905
- Subfamily Aemodogryllinae Jacobson 1905
- Family Rhaphidophoridae Walker, F. 1871
not assigned to any tribe:
- Genus Atachycines Furukawa, 1933
- Genus Neotachycines Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003
- Subfamily Anoplophilinae Storozhenko & Paik 2010
- Genus Alpinanoplophilus Ishikawa, 1993
- Genus Anoplophilus Karny, 1931
- Subfamily Ceuthophilinae Tepper 1892
- Tribus Argyrtini Saussure & Pictet 1897
- Genus Anargyrtes Hubbell, 1972
- Genus Argyrtes Saussure & Pictet, 1897
- Genus Leptargyrtes Hubbell, 1972
- Tribus Ceuthophilini Tepper 1892
- Genus Ceuthophilus Scudder, 1862
- Genus Macrobaenetes Tinkham, 1962
- Genus Rhachocnemis Caudell, 1916
- Genus Styracosceles Hubbell, 1936
- Genus Typhloceuthophilus Hubbell, 1940
- Genus Udeopsylla Scudder, 1862
- Genus Utabaenetes Tinkham, 1970
- Tribus Daihiniini Karny 1929
- Genus Ammobaenetes Hubbell, 1936
- Genus Daihinia Haldeman, 1850
- Genus Daihinibaenetes Tinkham, 1962
- Genus Daihiniella Hubbell, 1936
- Genus Daihiniodes Hebard, 1929
- Genus Phrixocnemis Scudder, 1894
- Tribus Hadenoecini Ander 1939
- Genus Euhadenoecus Hubbell, 1978
- Genus Hadenoecus Scudder, 1862
- Tribus Pristoceuthophilini Rehn, JAG 1903
- Generic group Phoberopodes Hubbell 1977
- Genus Hypsobadistes Hubbell, 1977
- Genus Phoberopus Saussure & Pictet, 1897
- Generic group Phoberopodes Hubbell 1977
- Tribus Argyrtini Saussure & Pictet 1897
not assigned to a generic group:
- Genus Exochodrilus Hubbell, 1972
- Genus Farallonophilus Rentz, 1972
- Genus Pristoceuthophilus Rehn, 1903
- Genus Salishella Hebard, 1939
- Subfamily Dolichopodainae Brunner von Wattenwyl 1888
- Tribus Dolichopodaini Brunner von Wattenwyl 1888
- Genus Dolichopoda Bolívar, 1880
- Tribus Dolichopodaini Brunner von Wattenwyl 1888
- Subfamily Gammarotettiginae Karny 1937
- Tribus Gammarotettigini Karny 1937
- Genus Gammarotettix Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Tribus Gammarotettigini Karny 1937
- Subfamily Macropathinae Karny 1929
- Tribus Macropathini Karny 1929
- Genus Australotettix Richards, 1964
- Genus Cavernotettix Richards, 1966
- Genus Dendroplectron Richards, 1964
- Genus Heteromallus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Genus Insulaplectron Richards, 1970
- Genus Ischyroplectron Hutton, 1896
- Genus Isoplectron Hutton, 1896
- Genus Macropathus Walker, 1869
- Genus Micropathus Richards, 1964
- Genus Neonetus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Genus Notoplectron Richards, 1964
- Genus Novoplectron Richards, 1958
- Genus Novotettix Richards, 1966
- Genus Pachyrhamma Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Genus Pallidoplectron Richards, 1958
- Genus Pallidotettix Richards, 1968
- Genus Paraneonetus Salmon, 1948
- Genus Parudenus Enderlein, 1910
- Genus Parvotettix Richards, 1968
- Genus Petrotettix Richards, 1972
- Genus Pharmacus Pictet & Saussure, 1893
- Genus Pleioplectron Hutton, 1896
- Genus Setascutum Richards, 1972
- Genus Spelaeiacris Péringuey, 1916
- Genus Speleotettix Chopard, 1944
- Genus Tasmanoplectron Richards, 1971
- Genus Udenus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1900
- Genus Weta Chopard, 1923
- Tribus Talitropsini Gorochov 1988
- Genus Talitropsis Bolívar, 1882
- Tribus Macropathini Karny 1929
- Subfamily Protroglophilinae † Gorochov 1989
- Genus Prorhaphidophora † Chopard, 1936
- Genus Protroglophilus † Gorochov, 1989
- Subfamily Rhaphidophorinae Walker, F. 1871
- Tribus Rhaphidophorini Walker, F. 1871
- Genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999
- Genus Minirhaphidophora Gorochov, 2002
- Genus Neorhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999
- Genus Pararhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999
- Genus Rhaphidophora Serville, 1838
- Genus Stonychophora Karny, 1934
- Tribus Rhaphidophorini Walker, F. 1871
- Subfamily Troglophilinae Krauss 1879
- Genus Troglophilus Krauss, 1879
- Subfamily Tropidischiinae Scudder, SH 1869
- Genus Tropidischia Scudder, 1869
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ Heiko Bellmann: The Cosmos Locust Guide. Determine the species of Central Europe with certainty . Kosmos-Naturführer, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-440-10447-8 .
- ^ Rhaphidophoroidea on Orthoptera Species File Online , accessed March 24, 2010
literature
- Sigfrid Ingrisch, DCF Rentz: Orthoptera (Grasshoppers, Locusts, Katydids, Crickets) . In: Encyclopedia of Insects . Elsevier 2009, ISBN 978-0-12-374144-8 , pp. 732-743.
