Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz
| Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 View of the Volksbühne |
|
| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | center |
| Created | 1907 |
| Confluent streets |
Rosa-Luxemburg-Straße , Linienstraße , Weydingerstraße |
| Buildings | Volksbühne |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrians , cyclists , road traffic , public transport |
| Technical specifications | |
| Square area | Triangle (58 m / 48 m / 43 m) |
The Rosa-Luxembourg-Platz is a triangular space in the barn area in Berlin - Mitte , where the Berlin Volksbühne stands. It was created during the renovation of the surrounding quarter in the early 20th century and has had different names since then:
- Babelsberger Platz (1907-1910)
- Bülowplatz (1910–1933)
- Horst-Wessel-Platz (1933–1945)
- Liebknechtplatz (1945–1947)
- Luxemburgplatz (1947–1969) and Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz (since 1969) in honor of the murdered representative of the labor movement Rosa Luxemburg .
location
Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz is located between Rosa-Luxemburg-Strasse , Weydingerstrasse and Linienstraße . Under the Rosa Luxembourg Street is the underground station Rosa-Luxembourg-Platz to the Metro Line 2 .
history
Space creation
New road openings and the civil engineering work for the construction of the underground line were the trigger for the large-scale demolition of the old Scheunenviertel with its catastrophic living conditions. The new development plan was created around 1905 on behalf of the Berlin magistrate under Lord Mayor Martin Kirschner with the triangular square as the central urban development figure.
1907-1945
On the square officially named in 1907, the first new building was built in 1912, an office and commercial building, which the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) acquired in 1926 to set up its headquarters, the Karl-Liebknecht-Haus .
In 1913–1915, the Freie Volksbühne Berlin's first own building was built on the square by the architect Oskar Kaufmann .
All new building activities came to a standstill as a result of the First World War and the inflationary period . In 1925 an urban planning competition was supposed to bring new impetus, as a result of which several residential and commercial buildings were built in 1927–1929 according to a design by the architect Hans Poelzig - in one of them the Babylon cinema opened on April 11, 1929 . The city administration's project was also based on the outcome of the competition to build wing structures on both sides of the Volksbühne according to plans by Richard Ermisch , which should include an adult education center, a city archive and a city library. The construction should start in the summer of 1929, but the project was delayed until the global economic crisis such investments made impossible.
On August 9, 1931, Erich Mielke and Erich Ziemer , members of the KPD's Kippenberger apparatus, murdered police captains Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck not far from the Babylon cinema. (→ Murders on Bülowplatz ). The perpetrators fled to the Soviet Union . In 1934, the Prussian Police Officer Corps commissioned a memorial for Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck, which was created by the sculptor Hans Dammann . The group of figures made of bronze was dismantled and melted down during the Second World War as part of the metal donation of the German people .
After they came to power, the National Socialists named the square at the end of May 1933 after their idol Horst Wessel , who was killed by communists in 1930 after the SA had "conquered" the Karl-Liebknecht-Haus and named it "Horst-Wessel-Haus".
1945–1990
In World War II, many buildings were destroyed around the square. To remove rubble, a rubble train was used on Berlin's inner city streets , which was pulled by small locomotives. Between 1948 and 1950 there was a locomotive shed directly in front of the Volksbühne . The war damage to the surrounding buildings around Poelzig was repaired, but the shop extensions at the acute angles were removed. At the beginning of 1950, Erich Mielke, who had meanwhile become State Secretary in the Ministry for State Security of the GDR , finally had the base of the memorial for the shot police officers dismantled.
After 1990
The headquarters of the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), later Die Linke, took their seat in the Karl-Liebknecht-Haus on the corner of Weydingerstraße and Kleine Alexanderstraße . In September 2006, the Rosa Luxemburg Monument was inaugurated on the square. The artist Hans Haacke let 60 dark concrete beams in the sidewalks and lanes on the square. They show quotations and fragments from Rosa Luxemburg's writings. In order to counter the risk of slipping emanating from these stone slabs, parts of the monument were relocated in November 2007.
In 2010, the residential and commercial building L40 was inaugurated on the north-western edge of the square , a new building in which the contemporary design language is strikingly expressed as it is rarely otherwise in Berlin. Viewers and residents alike classify the building as a faceless black blob.
A small, green area with trees to the south was created after the houses standing there were destroyed in the Second World War and their ruins were cleared away. The city of Berlin sold this area in 2016 to Suhrkamp-Verlag , who had a new building with a floor area of 3,000 square meters built as the publishing headquarters. In connection with these activities, there was criticism from local residents who did not feel they were adequately informed about the project. The company moved into the publishing house at the end of August 2019.
literature
- Institute for Monument Preservation (Ed.): Capital Berlin, Volume I. (= The architectural and art monuments in the GDR. ) Henschelverlag , Berlin 1984, pp. 275–277.
Web links
-
Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- Babelsberger Platz . In: Luise.
- Bülowplatz . In: Luise.
- Horst-Wessel-Platz . In: Luise.
- Liebknechtplatz . In: Luise.
- Rolf Lautenschläger: Flierl crosses with Rosa. (On the inauguration of the Rosa Luxemburg Monument) , taz , September 15, 2006
- 2007 report on relocation of the monument with pictures ( Memento from August 31, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- History in the Berliner Zeitung underground station online, May 22, 2013
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ronald Friedmann: The headquarters. The history of the Berlin Karl Liebknecht House. Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-320-02254-9 .
- ^ The new city library on Bülowplatz - the most modern in Europe . In: Berliner Volkszeitung from April 21, 1929.
- ↑ Michael Stricker: Last use. Police officers killed on duty in Berlin from 1918 to 2010. Verlag für Polizeiwissenschaft, Frankfurt am Main 2010, ISBN 978-3-86676-141-4 , p. 103.
- ↑ Stefan Strauss: Suhrkamp snubbed the residents. In: Berliner Zeitung of April 28, 2019, p. 9.
- ↑ Suhrkamp-Verlag has arrived in Berlin a second time. Der Tagesspiegel , August 25, 2019, accessed on December 5, 2019 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 31 ′ 35 ″ N , 13 ° 24 ′ 41 ″ E