Rosa chinensis

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Rosa chinensis
Rosa chinensis var. Semperflorens

Rosa chinensis var. Semperflorens

Systematics
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Genre : Roses ( pink )
Subgenus : pink
Type : Rosa chinensis
Scientific name
Rosa chinensis
Jacq.

Rosa chinensis , as some other species and hybrids and China rose called, is a plant of the genus roses ( Rosa ) within the family of the rose family (Rosaceae). It comes from the central Chinese provinces of Guizhou , Hubei and Sichuan .

description

Appearance and leaf

Rosa chinensis grows as an independently upright shrub and reaches heights of 1 to 2 meters. The strong, stem-round branches have an almost bare, purple-brown bark and there may be many or no curved, squat, flat spines .

The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade and a total of 5 to 11 centimeters long. The petiole and the rhachis leaf are sparsely prickly and hairy glandular and downy. The imparipinnate leaf blades usually have three or five, rarely seven leaflets . With a length of 2.5 to 6 centimeters and a width of 1 to 3 centimeters, the leaflets are broadly ovate or ovate-elongated with a slightly rounded or broadly wedge-shaped base, more or less long, pointed upper end and a pointed edge. The top of the leaf is glossy dark green and the leaf sides are almost bare. The stipules are fused with the petiole for most of their length. The free area of ​​the stipules is eyed, with entire margins with a pointed upper end and often hairy glandular and downy.

Flower and fruit

The flowering period in China extends from April to September. The flowers are seldom single, usually in groups of four or five in bundles. The 2.5 to 6 centimeter long peduncle is almost bald or hairy with glandular and downy hair. The one to three bald bracts are linear with a pointed upper end and a smooth or glandular edge.

The flowers can be slightly fragrant. The hermaphroditic flowers have a diameter of 4 to 5 centimeters and are radially symmetrical and five-fold with a double flower envelope . There are cultivated forms with simple to more or less double flowers that have also grown wild in China and other regions of the temperate latitudes. The bare flower cup (hypanthium) is egg-shaped, spherical or pear-shaped. The sepals fall off early and are ovate or sometimes leaf-like, simple or pinnately lobed with a tailed upper end and glabrous on the underside and with shaggy hair on the upper side. The five to several or many petals , depending on the shape, are white to pink to red or purple, obovate, with a wedge-shaped base and an edged upper end. There are many stamens present. The free, hairy styles tower above the petals and are almost as long as the stamens.

In China, the rose hips ripen from June to November and turn red. The bald rose hip is egg-shaped or pear-shaped with a diameter of 1 to 2 centimeters.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is x = 7. Degrees of ploidy were found in Rosa chinensis var. Chinensis with 2n = 21 and 28 and in Rosa chinensis var. Semperflorens with 2n = 14.

Systematics and distribution

Rosa chinensis was first published in 1768 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Observationum Botanicarum , 3, p. 7, plate 55. Synonyms for Rosa chinensis Jacq. are: Rosa indica L. , Rosa montezumae Bertol.

Rosa chinensis is native to the central Chinese provinces of Guizhou , Hubei and Sichuan . Cultures are common in large parts of China.

There are three known accepted varieties :

  • Rosa chinensis Jacq. var. chinensis (Syn .: Rosa nankinensis Lour. , Rosa sinica L. ): It is only known from culture and has red, pink to white, semi- double to double flowers. There are many varieties.
  • Rosa chinensis var. Semperflorens ( Curtis ) Koehne (Syn .: Rosa semperflorens Curtis ): It is only known from culture and has red to deep purple, more or less double flowers.
  • Rosa chinensis var. Spontanea ( Rehder & EHWilson ) TTYu & TCKu (Syn .: Rosa chinensis f. Spontanea Rehder & EHWilson ): It occurs in the entire natural range and has red, simple flowers.

use

Cultivated forms as ornamental plants

Various forms of Rosa chinensis have been cultivated in gardens in China for a long time; therefore it is not easy to distinguish between wild forms and cultivated forms. Many rose varieties have emerged from Rosa chinensis . Rosa chinensis is the wild form of the garden rose hybrid China rose .

Use as medicine and food

In addition to being used as an ornamental plant, the many forms of Rosa chinensis are also used in many different ways. The young vegetative plant parts, flower buds and flowers are scalded and eaten as a culinary herb, for example as a soup. A thin, fleshy layer of rose hips that surrounds the seeds is eaten raw or cooked. The seed hairs must be removed; it has to be handled very carefully. The seed hairs must not get into the mouth and throat. The seeds are a good source of vitamin E . The seeds can be ground and mixed with flour or added to other foods. It is warned again about the seed hair, which must be carefully removed. The medical effects were examined.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Rosa chinensis in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Gu Cuizhi & Kenneth R. Robertson: Rosa : Rosa chinensis , p. 368 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (ed. ): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-14-8
  3. ↑ Rosa chinensis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ↑ Rosa chinensis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 7, 2014.
  5. ↑ Rosa chinensis at Plants For A Future . Retrieved September 7, 2014.

literature

  • Heinrich Schultheis: Roses: the best kinds and varieties for the garden , p. 58, Ulmer: Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8001-6601-1
  • Ute Bauer: Old roses: history, use, design, care practice , p. 14, FSVO: Munich 2004, ISBN 3-405-16713-2

Web links

Commons : Rosa chinensis  - album with pictures, videos and audio files