Rowboat
Rowing boats are watercraft that are moved with the help of oars or sculls . In contrast to the paddle boat , due to the design, the movement is usually against the line of sight of the rowers.
Nowadays rowing boats can mainly be found in leisure and sport. In the days of sailing ships rowing boats were as movable units in shallow waters in use, for the captain for was. B. planned the gig , which should not be confused with the giant rowing boats common in rowing .
On Rügen and in Berlin , they serve as a means of transport.
Racing rowing boats
Regulations
Both the World Rowing Association ( FISA ) and the German Rowing Association ( DRV ) have laid down technical cornerstones for the construction of racing rowing boats in their rowing competition rules. In the rowing boat, all load-bearing elements, including the axes of the moving elements, must be firmly connected to the hull, but the rower's seat can move in the axis of the boat. In addition, all rowers must sit with their backs facing the direction of travel .
Another important feature of a racing rowing boat is the prescribed minimum weight to avoid a technical arms race. Its dimensions (length, width, shape), on the other hand, are not regulated, but they also move within narrow corridors of boats from different shipyards. Racing rowing boats are generally built so narrow that when manned by rowers they hardly offer any inherent stability against capsizing.
Construction
Racing rowing boats are made of fiber composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic and / or wood. Components are usually an air box each at the bow and stern. For each oar (skull, oars) there is a boom , at the end of which there is a oarlock in which the oar is placed. The rower sits with his back facing the direction of travel on a rolling seat that rolls on two taxiways. There is a step between the taxiways that the rower can use to get into the boat.
There is a sword at the stern of the rowing boat that ensures that the rowing boat moves straight. With steered boats, the rudder is also located at the stern. The rudder is moved with two wires or ropes from the helmsman's seat or, on boats without their own helmsman, by one of the rowers using foot controls.
Adjustment / trim
Stretcher boards , runways, outriggers and oarlocks are individually adjusted to each rower in sport. This process is called trimming. Some settings can be made with little effort by the rower before the trip, others can only be adjusted with measuring devices and less spontaneously.
Some sizes: The oarlock spacing in scull boats should be between 156 cm and 160 cm; the length of the inner lever of skulls between 86 cm and 90 cm. The ratio of the oarlock distance and the inner lever should be approximately the inner lever = the oarlock distance / 2 + 8 cm. In belt boats the oarlock spacing is between 83 cm and 87 cm, or 30 cm shorter than the inner lever. The height of the oarlocks (height of the oarlocks above the roller seat) should be between 15 cm and 18 cm, the height difference between the oarlocks of a place on a scull boat is about 1 cm. This difference in height is due to the fact that the rower moves the oars slightly over one another, otherwise the oars would collide in the middle. The contact angle (deviation of the rudder blades from the vertical) should be between 4 ° and 5 ° for Maco oars .
Important boat classes
- Skiff / One (1x)
-
Twos :
- Double scull (2x)
- Two without a helmsman (2-)
- Two with a helmsman (2+), not Olympic since 1996
-
Foursome :
- Double quad (4x)
- Foursome without helmsman (4-)
- Foursome with helmsman (4+), not Olympic since 1996
- Eight (8+)
One is also referred to as a skiff , all other types are also summarized under the term team boat.
Other types of rowing boats
Gigs
Gig rowing boats (gigs for short) are usually used in popular sports . They are divided into five groups, depending on the width and construction. In terms of construction, a distinction is made between clinker boats and boats with a smooth outer skin. Clinker boats are usually made of wood. For boats with a smooth outer skin, the traditional bent or form-glued plywood is increasingly being replaced by fiber-reinforced plastics ( GRP or CFRP ). Gig boats are far wider than the normal competition boats. As with racing rowing boats, the most common boat sizes are one, two, four and eight, whereby the crew boats usually have an additional steering position.
| Type | Construction | width |
|---|---|---|
| A. | clinkered | 90-100 cm |
| B. | clinkered | 78 cm |
| C. | smooth | 78 cm |
| D. | smooth | from 100 cm |
| E. | smooth | 90 cm |
Inrigger rowing boat (Seegig)
An inrigger is a covered, clinkered belt boat that is used in popular sports. These boats, originally from Denmark and also very widespread there, are wider than A-gig boats and exist in both wood and plastic construction. Inriggers are available as two with a helmsman or as a four with a helmsman. The special thing about this type of boat is that the rowers sit one behind the other but offset to the side in the boat. In addition, it has no outriggers, rather the oarlocks are mounted directly on the side wall opposite the respective rowing place. Because of this construction, the boat is less susceptible to waves than a gig boat, which is why it is mostly used by rowers on coastal waters of the North and Baltic Seas. This is why this type of boat is sometimes referred to in Germany as a Seegig .
Surfboat
A surfboat is a rowboat designed for the surf, which is used on the beaches of Australia, New Zealand, South Africa but also France and Great Britain to save lives, but in which competitions are also held. The boat was designed in such a way that it can be steered back to the shore by turbulent whitewater and breaking waves. A broad stern and high side edges prevent the boat from flooding or overturning, so surfboats have a pointed stern.
Church boat
Originally, church boats were used to go to church in the Middle Ages in Northern Europe. At that time the boats had fixed benches. Today church boats can also be equipped with roller seats and are experiencing a revival because of their special properties and imposing appearance.
Special boat constructions
Furler boat
A roll boom boat is a rowing boat in which, in contrast to the other boats described here, the use of leg strength is not made possible by a roll seat but by a roll boom. This construction has the advantage over boats with roll seats that the mass moved in the longitudinal direction of the boat when the oar is turned is less, which reduces the pounding of the boat. Since this type of boat is not approved for competitions by the world rowing association FISA , roll-out boom boats are predominantly found in popular sports today , for example in the Pohlus boat .
Forward row boat
Rowers usually sit against the direction of travel in the rowing boat and cannot always see what is happening in front of their boat. There are various concepts and technical solutions with which a rower can move himself and the rowing boat forward looking. In summary, these concepts are referred to as a "forward row boat".
Imre Mesterhazy has been developing a forward rowing boat in Switzerland since 1997 . With the normal rowing movement, the force is converted to locomotion via toothed joints. Another development by Martin Kaltenbach from Frankfurt am Main uses a trapezoidal arm developed from a modified crank arm. According to another idea patented by Hans-Dieter Selle from Langebrück near Dresden, forward rowing boats are built in which two-part oars are mounted on a so-called "forward oar carrier". Instead of the conventional oarlock, the forward rudder beam is connected to the boat by means of two pivot pins. When rowing, the rudder blades are automatically turned into the horizontal position above the water surface. Any recreational rowing boat can be upgraded by replacing the traditional rudder with the forward rudder assembly. In 2014, Jochum Bierma patented the idea for the "RowVista" forward rudder system in Austria with which it is possible to turn the rudder blades up and down manually, as with conventional rowing. The inner lever and the outer lever of the forward rudder belt are connected by a mechanical deflection. On an opposing bar linkage movement of the inner lever is transmitted via a coupling rod to the outer lever and simultaneously reversed its direction of movement. Connecting rods connect both levers with a rocker, whereby the rotation of the inner lever can be transmitted to the outer lever or the rudder blade, regardless of the position of the belts.
Forward rowing boats are hardly to be found in rowing, as the dynamic rowing feeling, often referred to as “ pounding ”, is massively changed by the rowers sitting the other way around .
Manufacturer
Rowing boats are manufactured and sold by specialized rowing boat builders. The majority of manufacturers rely on a characteristic color scheme, by means of which the yard is usually immediately recognizable for rowers. Well-known manufacturers are (in alphabetical order):
- BBG Bootsbau Berlin , red boat design
- Empacher shipyard (Eberbach, Germany), neon yellow paint
- Filippi (Italy), white and blue design
- Baumgarten Bootsbau (Warin, Germany), gigboats
- Kirchbootmanufaktur Speyer (Germany)
- Rehberg (Celle, Germany)
- Schellenbacher (Austria), white-red or white-blue
- Janousek & Stämpfli Racing Boats , (United Kingdom / Switzerland)
- Weitnauer (Switzerland), white boats
- Wintech (PR China)
Well-known manufacturers that no longer exist are the boat yards Friedrich Pirsch from Berlin, Gehrmann and FISO, formerly Karlisch (all from Germany), whose boats are still widespread, especially in the gigboat sector.
The number of rowing boat yards is around 50 to 70 worldwide, of which around 30 to 40 also manufacture racing rowing boats (as of 2016). In top international regattas, manufacturers from around 8 to 10 shipyards are used, with the two market leaders sharing around 90% of the market.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Patent application AT516169B1 : Device for rowing in the direction of view. Registered on September 3, 2014, published on March 15, 2016, applicant: Jochum Bierma, inventor: Jochum Bierma.
- ↑ RowVista forward rowing system
- ↑ a b Stefan Piesik: Why, why, why? - The boat material in rowing . In: rudersport, the official magazine of the German Rowing Association (DRV) . Year 2016, No. 11 . Sportverlag Schmidt & Dreisilker, ISSN 0342-8281 , p. 20-22 .