Rudolf Marcuse

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Rudolf Marcuse's signature

Rudolf Marcuse (born January 15, 1878 in Berlin , † April 1940 in London , United Kingdom ) was a German sculptor .

life and work

Marcuse, son of a businessman, studied at the Academy of Arts in Berlin with Ernst Herter . In 1902 he received a “scholarship to continue his studies” from the board of trustees. In 1903 he won the Michael Beer Prize with his relief The Judgment of Salomon and in 1910 the silver medal and the Prix ​​de Rome , which enabled him to stay at the Villa Strohl-Fern . He was also awarded a gold medal at the Brussels International - 1910 exhibition .

He created the monument to Moses Mendelssohn in the front garden of the Jewish boys' school in Berlin (inauguration in 1909), which was destroyed in 1941 by members of the SA .

Statue of Carl Hagenbeck with the lion Trieste, 1926

The portrait of the zoo director Carl Hagenbeck with the lion Triest in Hamburg-Stellingen from 1926, cast by the Düsseldorf bronze foundry , also came from Marcuse .

The artist was also known for numerous bronze statuettes in the Art Nouveau and Art Deco style such as the discus thrower , the swordsman or the Amazon , many of which were handcrafted by the Berlin foundry Hermann Gladenbeck .

He designed porcelain figures for the Schwarzburger Werkstätten für Porzellankunst , the Königliche Porzellanmanufaktur Berlin (1911–1913) and for the Rosenthal Manufacture (1913– approx. 1919) with titles such as Im Wind (1913), Before the Bath (1913), Überbrettl (1914) ), Poodle Serenade , Grape Bearer (1917), and Egyptian Dancer .

Rudolf Marcuse made 37 sculptures of members of the most diverse peoples in German prisoner-of-war camps during the First World War . These were originally intended for a "Imperial War Museum", which had yet to be set up, as a visualization of "types of peoples" and carried the titles Russian priest , Indians (Sikh) , Moroccans , Scots I , Scots II , Tongkinese , Algerian Arabs , Russian , Tunisians , Siberians and Russians Guitar , French alpine hunter , Fulbe from the French. Sudan , Arabs , French , English , Corsican , Romanian , Somali , Australian , Siberian , Arab , Arab II , Moroccan , Dahomeyneger I , Dahomeyneger II , Turko , Circassian , Japanese , Old Japanese I , Old Japanese II , Italian , Negro from Algiers , French colonial soldier (Senegal Negro) , Freezing Russian , Negro from Liberia , Indian (Rajput) . In 1919 the publisher Gustav Fock in Leipzig published a collection of art sheets in rotogravure with pictures of Marcuse's "Völkertypen" sculptures.

Further works (selection):

Danae , about 1905
  • Salome
  • Snake dancer
  • Standing nude with a ball
  • Woman on chair
  • Woman with basket
  • Woman's Hand , 1924
  • Boy with cat
  • dancer
  • Vagabonds at rest
  • Pierrot making music
  • Prussian soldier
  • fencer
  • Nobleman
  • faun

Marcuse married the German-Jewish sculptor Elisabeth Seligsohn (née Schlomer) in November 1915. The artist, himself a Jew, had received prize money of 2,200 Reichsmarks from the Prussian Ministry of Culture in 1930 ; From 1933, however, National Socialist criteria were applied to the selection of scholarship holders, so that Marcuse's applications were "not approved for reasons of his non-Aryan race".

Marcuse left Germany on October 30, 1936 by ship from Bremen to Southampton in England , but not accompanied by his wife. In 1939 he married his second wife, Alice Marcuse. He lived in London until his death in April 1940.

Exhibitions

Marcuse showed his work at the following exhibitions:

literature

  • M. Rapeseed silver: Rudolf Marcuse . In: Alexander Koch : German art and decoration: Illustrated monthly books for modern painting, sculpture, architecture, home art and artistic work for women. Issue 19. Alexander Koch, 1907. pp. 254–256.
  • Ulrich Thieme , Felix Becker : General lexicon of visual artists from antiquity to the present. F. Volume 24. EA Seemann Verlag, Leipzig 1999, p. 79.
  • Emmanuel Bénézit : Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs de tous les temps et de tous les pays par un groupe d'écrivains spécialistes français et étrangers . E., Volume 9, Éditions Gründ, Paris 1999. p. 200.
  • Alberto Shayo : Statuettes art deco period. Antique Collectors Club Art Books, 2016. ISBN 1-85149-824-9 . P. 176.
  • Marcuse, Rudolf , in: Joseph Walk (ed.): Short biographies on the history of the Jews 1918–1945 . Munich: Saur, 1988, ISBN 3-598-10477-4 , p. 256
  • Marcuse, Rudolf , in: Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography . Volume 4. Chernivtsi, 1929, p. 267

Web links

Commons : Rudolf Marcuse  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Birth register StA Berlin VI, No. 189/1878
  2. ^ Joseph Walk, Leo Baeck Institute: Short biographies on the history of the Jews. 1918-1945. Walter de Gruyter, 1988, ISBN 3-11158-087-3 . P. 256.
  3. ↑ Jutta von Simson: Ethos and Pathos. The Berlin School of Sculpture 1786–1914 . Mann, 1990, ISBN 3-78611-599-0 . P. 516.
  4. ^ Chronicle of the Royal Academy of Arts in Berlin . 1902, p. 64.
  5. ^ A b Isaac Landman: The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia. An Authoritative and Popular Presentation of Jews and Judaism Since the Earliest Times, Volume 7 . Publisher Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, Incorporated, 1942. Entry MARCUSE, RUDOLPH.
  6. ↑ a b Article on Rudolf Marcuse in Apollo Magazine , 1928. pp. 172–174.
  7. ^ Artisti a Villa Strohl-Fern: Luogo d'arte e di incontri a Roma tra il 1880 e il 1956 . Gangemi Editore spa. ISBN 8-84929-492-1 . P. 189.
  8. ↑ Richard Faber, Barbara Naumann: Literature of the border, theory of the border . Königshausen & Neumann, 1995. ISBN 3-82601-047-7 , p. 29.
  9. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Mende, Kurt Wernicke, Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk, Hainer Weisspflug: Berlin Mitte. The encyclopedia. Stapp Verlag, 2001. ISBN 3-87776-111-9 , p. 348.
  10. ↑ Volker Plagemann: Father city, fatherland, God protect you with a strong hand. Monuments in Hamburg. Workbooks on the preservation of monuments in Hamburg. H. Christians, 1986, ISBN 3-76720-967-5 . P. 193.
  11. ↑ Harold Berman: Bronzes. Sculptors & founders, 1800-1930. Volume 4. Abage, 1974. p. 875.
  12. ^ Karl H. Bröhan , Dieter Högermann, Reto Niggl: Porcelain: Fine arts and design 1889 to 1939. Bröhan Museum, Berlin 1993. P. 83, 174.
  13. ^ Johannes Pommeranz: The Reich War Museum. An architectural vision for Berlin. In: Frank Matthias Kammel , Claudia Selheim (ed.): Wartime in the National Museum. Nuremberg 2016, pp. 184–193.
  14. ↑ a b Collective data record folder “People types”. A collection of art sheets in gravure after sculptures by Rudolf Marcuse . Jewish Museum Berlin .
  15. ^ Max Osborn: Rudolf Marcuse types of people from the world war. In: East and West: illustrated monthly for all of Judaism (1901–1923). 11-12, pp. 281-286.
  16. ↑ a b c Victor Werner: POW (prisoner-of-war) bust of a Tonkinese man.
  17. ^ Kristina Kratz-Kessemeier: Art for the Republic. The art policy of the Prussian Ministry of Culture 1918 to 1932. Walter de Gruyter, 2008. ISBN 3-05006-212-6 . P. 712.
  18. ↑ Michael Dorrmann: Eduard Arnhold (1849-1925). A biographical study of entrepreneurship and patronage in the German Empire . Walter de Gruyter, 2002, ISBN 3-05008-119-8 . Pp.  245 ,  342 .
  19. ↑ Bremen passenger lists . Search word "Marcuse".

Remarks

  1. ↑ Some internet sources like artnet.com wrongly name 1930 as the year of death, others like invaluable.com the year 1929 or kunstmarkt.com the year 1928.
personal data
SURNAME Marcuse, Rudolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Marcuse, Rudolph; Markuse, Rudolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German sculptor
DATE OF BIRTH January 15, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin , German Empire
DATE OF DEATH April 1940
Place of death London , UK