Rust (Burgenland)

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Statutory city
Rust
coat of arms Austria map
Rust coat of arms
Rust (Burgenland) (Austria)
Rust (Burgenland)
Basic data
Country: Austria
State : Burgenland
Political District : Statutory city
License plate : E.
Surface: 19.99 km²
Coordinates : 47 ° 48 '  N , 16 ° 41'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 48 '3 "  N , 16 ° 40' 33"  E
Height : 123  m above sea level A.
Residents : 1,980 (January 1, 2020)
Postal code : 7071
Area code : 02685
Community code : 1 02 01
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Conradplatz 1
7071 Rust
Website: Free city of Rust
politics
Mayor : Gerold Stagl ( SPÖ )
Municipal Council : (2017)
(19 members)
10
6th
3
10 6th 3 
A total of 19 seats
Location of Rust
Eisenstadt Bezirk Eisenstadt-Umgebung Bezirk Güssing Bezirk Jennersdorf Bezirk Mattersburg Bezirk Neusiedl am See Bezirk Oberpullendorf Bezirk Oberwart Rust (Burgenland)Location of the district of Rust (Burgenland) in the federal state of Burgenland (clickable map)
About this picture
Template: Infobox municipality in Austria / maintenance / site plan image map
The main square, in the background the Catholic parish church
The main square, in the background the Catholic parish church
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

The city of Rust ( Hungarian Ruszt , Croatian Rušta ), formerly a royal free city in the Kingdom of Hungary, has been a statutory city in Burgenland in Austria since 1921 (or 1926) .

With only 1980 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020), Rust is the smallest administrative district and also the smallest statutory town in Austria. Rust is best known as the city of storks and as a wine-growing community. Rust has been part of the Austrian Burgenland since 1921 and has had town charter since 1681, when it was made a royal Hungarian free town .

geography

Rust is located on the west bank of Lake Neusiedl , near the Hungarian border.

Community structure

Rust consists of a single cadastral municipality or town of the same name .

Neighboring communities

Oggau on Lake Neusiedl
Oslip

Sankt Margarethen in Burgenland 		Neighboring communities Illmitz
on the opposite bank (common border in Lake Neusiedl)
Mörbisch am See

history

In pre-Christian times, the area was part of the Celtic Kingdom of Noricum and belonged to the area around the Celtic hill settlement Burg on the Schwarzenbacher Burgberg .

Later, under the Romans, today's Rust was in the province of Pannonia .

Rust (center left) and the surrounding area at Lake Neusiedl, which dried up at the time, around 1873 (recording sheet of the state survey )

Rust is first mentioned in a document in 1317 as Ceel ( Hungarian szil ' elm , rüster ' ) in a deed of gift from the Hungarian King Karl Robert I of Anjou-Naples for his follower Desiderius Hedevary as possessio Ceel vocatum circa stagnum Ferthew . The German place name Rust corresponds to the Hungarian place name Szil . The current Hungarian place name Ruszt was later taken from the German Rust .

Around 1470, Rust was granted market rights and since 1524 the Rusters have had the right, as evidenced by Queen Maria of Hungary , to burn a crowned "R" into their barrels as a trademark. This "R" is still used today as a quality mark in the cork brandy of bottled wines. From the 1520s, Rust came under Protestant influence from the nearby Ödenburg , where a Franciscan preached Lutheran in 1522 . Towards the end of the 16th century, Rust confessed almost completely to the Protestant faith and experienced a political-economic as well as a spiritual-religious awakening. Belonging to the Hungarian Altenburg manor, the evangelical community faced counter-Reformation forces. Nevertheless, in 1647 the state parliament allowed the construction of a Protestant church (today's Roman Catholic parish church ), a rectory and a Protestant school. The congregation experienced a heyday among Protestant pastors and teachers until, from 1674, the partly violent Counter-Reformation resulted in a century without its own church and preacher. House fathers ensured the passing on of the Protestant faith with house devotions and Bible reading , while at the same time the service of the Catholic pastors was used for the casualia .

The city was first fortified with walls and ditches in 1512, but Rust was destroyed in 1529 and 1532 during the Turkish War. In 1614 a circular wall was built as a second city fortification, which is still largely preserved today.

In 1649 Rust bought itself free from subordination to the rulership , and the city paid 60,000 gold guilders and 500 buckets of the best wine to the Habsburgs : almost 30,000 liters of Ruster Ausbruch of the Furmint variety . On December 3, 1681, Rust was given the title of free royal town ( Reichstag in Ödenburg ) from Emperor Leopold I - for a sum raised largely by the Protestant population, which the Protestant church initially did not bring back.

In 1918 there was the (unrealized) plan to build a standard-gauge railway from the station of the Raab-Oedenburg-Ebenfurter Railway in Sopron (Ödenburg) via Mörbisch am See to Rust .

Rust, which belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary until 1921 and then to the Republic of Austria, exercises its self-government through its own town charter. Since Rust was already a (Hungarian) free town before Burgenland was annexed to Austria, it became a statutory town after 1921 and has since been the smallest administrative district in Austria .

Mentioned for the first time in 1931, the local branch of the National Socialist German Workers' Party was founded in 1932 . In the referendum on the annexation of Austria in March 1938, 862 votes in favor and 1 vote against were cast, which is not mentioned on a plaque for (supposedly) 100% yes votes. Three Jewish families were expropriated, partly expelled, and partly murdered in camps. Roma and Romnija were discriminated against, taken to camps and murdered. Four people with disabilities were murdered as part of the National Socialist euthanasia program . In the Second World War there were 113 killed or missing. The Red Army ended the National Socialist tyranny on April 2, 1945 . After the war, officials of the NSDAP and the police were sentenced to prison terms in denazification trials.

In 2019, Rust was awarded the honorary title of “Reformation City of Europe” by the Community of Evangelical Churches in Europe .

Population development


Culture and sights

The listed historical center of the city
Fisherman Church
Storks on chimneys
  • Old town: The entire picturesque old town area of ​​Rust is now a listed building . The numerous town houses from the 16th to 19th centuries have neat Renaissance , Baroque or historicist facades with beautiful window and portal frames, bay windows , coats of arms and stucco decorations . Characteristic arched portals and entrance vaults lead into the idyllic inner courtyards or to the even older courtyard wings with covered staircases and arcades , some with remnants of the city wall. The historic city center is protected by the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict . The individual objects are marked with blue and white boards. Besides Salzburg and Krems , Rust is also one of the three model cities in Austria, which were honored in 1975, the year of European architectural heritage , because there is no revitalized, but rather a vital old town. In 2001 the old town of Rust was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites together with the Neusiedler See region . Rust has already been named the most beautiful city in Burgenland several times for its monument preservation and cultural efforts . The houses still have their original function as residential and business premises for the citizens. Rust is also a member of the Small Historical Cities Association .
  • Fischerkirche : the oldest and most important building in art history in the city. The frescoes from the 12th century are remarkable, rediscovered in the 19th century, but only uncovered and renovated in several sections in the 20th century. The small church is now a museum and is used for cultural purposes. Because of its special acoustics, concerts are held annually in this special church room during the summer months.

Regular events

Rust has hosted the International Guitar Festival Rust since 1999 , which has developed into one of the most important guitar festivals in Europe and is dedicated to the British composer John W. Duarte (1919-2004). It was founded by the Venezuelan guitarist Gabriel Guillén , who together with Jovan Pesec is the artistic director. Numerous recognized guitarists from Austria and abroad give master classes and concerts. There is also an international guitar competition as well as instrument and sheet music exhibitions.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

The city is connected to the state capital Eisenstadt via Ruster Straße (B52) .

The next station of the Pannoniabahn is in Schützen am Gebirge, from Rust there are buses to Eisenstadt or directly to Vienna .

Viticulture

The vineyards in the municipality cover around 450 hectares, which belong to the Neusiedlersee-Hügelland wine-growing region and are famous for the Ruster outbreak . Feiler-Artinger and Triebaumer are among the most famous wineries .

Public facilities

The Burgenland State Police Department in Eisenstadt acts as the first instance security authority for the city ; therefore, license plates with the distinguishing sign E are assigned for Rust and Eisenstadt . A police station has been set up in the city , which is subordinate to the Eisenstadt City Police Command.

The city of Rust is located in the district of the Eisenstadt district court .

education

In addition to a kindergarten, there is an elementary and new middle school and the adult education center. The Austrian Wine Academy is also based in Rust.

politics

Municipal council

Local council election 2017
 %
60
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
53.10
(+2.13)
30.27
(-3.95)
16.63
(+1.82)
 
The town hall of the free city of Rust

The council comprises a total of 19 seats due to the number of inhabitants.

Results of the municipal council elections since 1997
Political party 2017 2012 2007 2002 1997
Sti. % M. Sti. % M. Sti. % M. Sti. % M. Sti. % M.
SPÖ 677 53.10 10 654 50.97 10 689 52.12 10 696 50.36 10 512 42.99 8th
ÖVP 386 30.27 6th 439 34.22 6th 532 40.24 8th not running not running
ARTINGER not running not running not running 545 39.44 8th 516 43.32 9
FPÖ 212 16.63 3 190 14.81 3 92 6.96 1 106 7.67 1 163 13.69 2
FRUSTRATION not running not running 9 0.68 0 not running not running
AUG not running not running not running 35 2.53 0 not running
Eligible voters 1653 1649 1583 1540 1405
voter turnout 83.06% 85.45% 88.50% 92.86% 91.74%

mayor

Gerold Stagl (SPÖ) has been mayor of the free city of Rust since 2012

Its predecessors were among others:

...

  • 1969–2002 Heribert Artinger
  • 2002–2012 Harald Weiss (SPÖ)

City Senate

In addition to the mayor Gerold Stagl, the deputy mayoresses Luzia Drawitsch and Andrea Kargl-Wartha as well as the city councilors Georg Seiler and Johann Reinprecht belong to the city senate.

The municipal director of the Free City of Rust is Mathias Szöke.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the statutory city of Rust
 Blazon : “The coat of arms of the free city shows a shield that is divided twice across. Its upper field is blue , the middle one green , but the lower one is filled with natural water. From the second dividing line,natural reed leaves grow in the central field and furthermore, three natural reed cobs that diverge in a fan-like manner, extending into the uppermost field . Ontop of the shield, which is surroundedby an ornamented , golden border, rests a golden, jeweled crown with five visible leaf prongs, between which four pearl prongs are attached. "

The city's colors are green-yellow.

Community partnerships

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the township

Honorary citizen

By resolution of the municipal council, the following personalities have so far been made honorary citizens:

literature

Movies

  • The free town of Rust is the location and original location of the television series Der Winzerkönig and the television film A Summer in Burgenland with Hannelore Elsner .

Web links

Commons : Rust  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Rust (Burgenland)  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See article Royal Free City .
  2. ^ History. The free city of Rust - a historical portrait. In: freistadt-rust.at, accessed on July 7, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b c See the city portrait of the Reformation city ​​of Rust. Austria. In: reformation-cities.org, accessed on June 1, 2019 (joint application for the title by the Protestant and Catholic parish and the city ​​government ; on the history of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation in Rust).
  4. ^ Railway construction news. (...) Railway construction in Sopron (Oedenburg). In:  Der Bauinteressent , born 1918, No. 28/1918 (XXXV. Year), p. 221 (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wbz.
  5. ^ Free city of Rust: history. In: freistadt-rust.at, accessed on June 12, 2019.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Heribert Artinger: Chronicle of the Free City of Rust 1850–1950 . Diary of the smallest town in Austria with its own statute. Vinothek-Verlag, Graz 2002, ISBN 3-900582-18-1 .
  7. ^ Rust during the Nazi era. In: regiowiki.at, accessed on June 3, 2019.
  8. ^ Heribert Artinger: Chronicle of the free city of Rust 1850-1950 . Diary of the smallest town in Austria with its own statute. Vinothek-Verlag, Graz 2002, ISBN 3-900582-18-1 , chapter: The Jewish families in Rust ( Part 1: The Jewish families in Rust ( Memento from August 21, 2003 in the Internet Archive ); Part 2: The “ Aryanization "of the Jewish property ( Memento of August 7, 2003 in the Internet Archive ). In: david.juden.at, David. Jüdische Kulturzeitschrift [accessed on June 3, 2019]).
  9. ^ Wehrkirche Fischerkirche in Rust / Burgenland. In: burgenkunde.at, accessed on June 3, 2019.
  10. ^ City Museum Rust. In: neusiedlersee.com, accessed on February 27, 2018.
  11. ^ Province of Burgenland: Rust 2017 election results. In: wahl.bgld.gv.at, accessed on June 3, 2019.
  12. ^ Province of Burgenland: Rust 2012 election results. In: wahl.bgld.gv.at, accessed on November 22, 2017.
  13. ^ Province of Burgenland: Rust 2007 election results. In: wahl.bgld.gv.at, accessed on November 22, 2017.
  14. ↑ a b Province of Burgenland: Rust 2002 election results. In: wahl.bgld.gv.at, accessed on November 22, 2017.
  15. ↑ City of Rust: Mayor. In: freistadt-rust.at, accessed on June 12, 2019.
  16. ^ City of Rust: City Senate. In: freistadt-rust.at, accessed on June 12, 2019.
  17. ^ City of Rust: Magistrate. In: freistadt-rust.at, accessed on June 12, 2019.
  18. ↑ coat of arms. In: freistadt-rust.at, accessed on July 7, 2020.
  19. ↑ coat of arms. In: freistadt-rust.at, accessed on July 7, 2020.
  20. ^ City of Rust: honorary citizen. In: freistadt-rust.at, accessed on June 12, 2019.
  21. ↑ Hannelore Elsner in "Summer in Burgenland" - Burgenland today. In: burgenland.orf.at. Retrieved May 25, 2017 .