Ruthenocene

Structural formula
	Ecliptic conformation
General
Surname	Ruthenocene
other names	Bis (η 5 -cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium; Di (cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium; (Cp) 2 Ru;
Molecular formula	C 10 H 10 Ru
Brief description	light yellow solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	215-065-2
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.696
PubChem	25199626
Wikidata	Q409522
properties
Molar mass	231.26 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	1.86 g cm −3
Melting point	199-201 ° C
boiling point	278 ° C
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution
H and P phrases	H: 315-319-335
	P: 261-305 + 351 + 338
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Ruthenocene , or di (cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium Ru (C ₅ H ₅ ) ₂ , abbreviated RuCp ₂ , is an organometallic compound from the family of metallocenes . It is isoelectronic to ferrocene and also forms a sandwich complex .

Manufacturing

Ruthenocene was first synthesized in 1952 by Geoffrey Wilkinson by reacting ruthenium trisacetylacetonate with a five-fold excess of cyclopentadienyl magnesium bromide.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Ru (acac) _ {3} \ + \ 3 \ (C_ {5} H_ {5}) MgBr}}

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {\ rightarrow \ Ru (C_ {5} H_ {5}) _ {2} \ + \ '(C_ {5} H_ {5})' \ + \ 3 \ Mg (acac) Br \ \ \ acac = acetylacetonate}}

Ruthenocene can also be produced by reacting ruthenium dichloride (produced in situ from ruthenium metal and ruthenium trichloride ) with cyclopentadienyl sodium .

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {RuCl_ {2} \ + \ 2 \ NaC_ {5} H_ {5} \ \ rightarrow \ Ru (C_ {5} H_ {5}) _ {2} \ + \ 2 \ NaCl \} }

Structure and relationships

Ruthenocene contains a ruthenium ion in a sandwich complex between two cyclopentadienyl rings . The central atom binds symmetrically to the planes of the cyclopentadienyl rings, with a Ru-C distance of 221–222 pm , the distance between the rings is 368 pm. Ruthenocene is similar to the isoelectronic ferrocene in structure and behavior. In the crystal, as in ferrocene, the cyclopentadienyl rings adopt an ecliptic conformation. In solution, the barrier to rotation is very low.

Properties and use

Unlike ferrocene, ruthenocene typically oxidizes by donating two electrons instead of one.

The use of ruthenocene as a photoinitiator for polymerization reactions was investigated.

Web links

Commons : Ruthenocene - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ Data sheet bis (cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (PDF) from Strem, accessed on January 10, 2012.
↑ EO Fischer, H. Grubert: About aromatic complexes of metals, XXIX. Di-cyclopentadienyl osmium . In: Chem. Ber. tape 92 , no. 9 , 1959, pp. 2302-2309 , doi : 10.1002 / cber.19590920948 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c data sheet bis (cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (II) from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on January 2, 2012 ( PDF ).
↑ M. Rosenblum: Chemistry of the Iron Group Metallocenes. Interscience Publishers, New York / London / Sydney 1965, p. 33.
^ G. Wilkinson: The Preparation and Some Properties of Ruthenocene and Ruthenicinium Salts . In: J. Am. Chem. Soc. tape 74 , no. 23 , 1952, pp. 6146 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01143a538 .
^ DE Bublitz, WE McEwen, J. Kleinberg: Ruthenocene In: Organic Syntheses . 41, 1961, p. 96, doi : 10.15227 / orgsyn.041.0096 ; Coll. Vol. 5, 1973, p. 1001 ( PDF ).
^ Didier Astruc: Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis . Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-46128-9 ( page 252 in the Google book search).
↑ F. Jellinek: The structure of the osmocene. In: Journal of Nature Research B . 14, 1959, pp. 737-738 ( online ).
^ TP Smith, H. Taube, A. Bino, S. Cohen: Reactivity of Haloruthenocene (IV) complexes . In: Inorg. Chem. Band 23 , no. 13 , 1984, pp. 1943 , doi : 10.1021 / ic00181a030 .
↑ Cynthia T. Sanderson, Bentley J. Palmer, Alan Morgan, Michael Murphy, Richard A. Dluhy, Todd Mize, I. Jonathan Amster, Charles Kutal: Classical Metallocenes as Photoinitiators for the Anionic Polymerization of an Alkyl 2-Cyanoacrylate. In: Macromolecules . volume 35, 2002, pp. 9648-9652, doi: 10.1021 / ma0212238 .

[Strem-1] Data sheet bis (cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (PDF) from Strem, accessed on January 10, 2012.

[ChemBer1959_2302-2] EO Fischer, H. Grubert: About aromatic complexes of metals, XXIX. Di-cyclopentadienyl osmium . In: Chem. Ber. tape 92 , no. 9 , 1959, pp. 2302-2309 , doi : 10.1002 / cber.19590920948 .

[Aldrich-3] ta sheet bis (cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (II) from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on January 2, 2012 ( PDF ).

[Rosenblum-4] M. Rosenblum: Chemistry of the Iron Group Metallocenes. Interscience Publishers, New York / London / Sydney 1965, p. 33.

[Wilkinson-5] G. Wilkinson: The Preparation and Some Properties of Ruthenocene and Ruthenicinium Salts . In: J. Am. Chem. Soc. tape 74 , no. 23 , 1952, pp. 6146 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01143a538 .

[OrgSyn1967_96-6] DE Bublitz, WE McEwen, J. Kleinberg: Ruthenocene In: Organic Syntheses . 41, 1961, p. 96, doi : 10.15227 / orgsyn.041.0096 ; Coll. Vol. 5, 1973, p. 1001 ( PDF ).

[Astruc_252-7] Didier Astruc: Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis . Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-46128-9 ( page 252 in the Google book search).

[ZfNB1959_737-8] F. Jellinek: The structure of the osmocene. In: Journal of Nature Research B . 14, 1959, pp. 737-738 ( online ).

[Smith-9] TP Smith, H. Taube, A. Bino, S. Cohen: Reactivity of Haloruthenocene (IV) complexes . In: Inorg. Chem. Band 23 , no. 13 , 1984, pp. 1943 , doi : 10.1021 / ic00181a030 .

[Macromol2002_9678-10] Cynthia T. Sanderson, Bentley J. Palmer, Alan Morgan, Michael Murphy, Richard A. Dluhy, Todd Mize, I. Jonathan Amster, Charles Kutal: Classical Metallocenes as Photoinitiators for the Anionic Polymerization of an Alkyl 2-Cyanoacrylate. In: Macromolecules . volume 35, 2002, pp. 9648-9652, doi: 10.1021 / ma0212238 .