Ryn

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Ryn (disambiguation) .

Ryn
	Ryn
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Warmia-Masuria
Powiat :	Giżycki
Gmina :	Ryn
Area :	4.09  km²
Geographic location :	53 ° 56 '  N , 21 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 56 '19 "  N , 21 ° 32' 45"  E
Residents :	2851 (June 30, 2019)
Postal code :	11-520
Telephone code :	(+48) 87
Economy and Transport
Street :	DK59 : Giżycko ↔ Mrągowo - Rozogi
	DW642 : Sterławki Wielkie ↔ Woźnice
Rail route :	no rail connection
Next international airport :	Olsztyn-Mazury

Ryn [ rɨn ] ( German  Rhine ) is a town in the powiat Giżycki of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with 5686 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).

Geographical location

Aerial view of the urban area

The city is located in the historical region of East Prussia , about 19 kilometers southwest of Giżycko ( Lötzen ) on an isthmus between Jezioro Ołów ( Ollofsee ) and Jezioro Ryńskie ( Rheiner See ) in Masuria at an altitude of 120 meters above sea level.

history

Rhein Castle, the structures of the 14th century can still be seen clearly on the building, which was later heavily modified

Rhein Castle after the renovation (photo 2014)

Street in the city

In 1377 the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order , Winrich von Kniprode , had a permanent castle at Ryne (1339 Renus von Baltic renis - water channel) built on the site of an earlier Prussian rampart , which belonged to the Coming Balga . Presumably, a settlement also arose together with the order castle, but it was not mentioned in a document until 1405. Below the Ordensschloss an underground canal in the city center connects the Matussekteich, a silted bay of the Ollofsee, with the mill pond of the former Ordenshausmühle and the Rheiner See.

The Kommende Ryne, later High German Rhine, was built in 1393, which can no longer be traced after 1468. The most famous Commander of the Rhine was Rudolf von Tippelskirch, who had also made a name for himself in the colonization of East Prussia.

After the secularization of the Order state the Duchy of Prussia in 1525 a officiated in the Rhine to 1775 Amtshauptmann for the Office Rhein .

When the Tatars invaded East Prussia, the place was looted and burned on February 7th, 1657 and numerous residents were abducted. The Great Plague ravaged the Rhine from 1709 to 1711 .

Despite these setbacks, Friedrich Wilhelm I granted the town town charter in 1723. The decisive factor for this was the function of the Rhine as an administrative center for a larger rural area.

Billeting took place in the Rhine during the Napoleonic Wars .

The city's development stagnated in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was not until 1902 that the Rhine received a rail link, but only via a narrow - gauge branch line operated by the Rastenburger Kleinbahnen . At the beginning of the 20th century, the Rhine had a Protestant church and a district court; There was also a women's prison and a cement factory on site.

Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which the Rhine belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether it would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In the Rhine, 1,460 people voted to remain with East Prussia, while Poland did not vote. Until 1945 the city belonged to the German Empire (East Prussia). From 1818 to 1945, the Rhine was part of the Lötzen district .

Towards the end of World War II , the Red Army occupied the region in January 1945 . Soon afterwards, the Rhine and the southern half of East Prussia were placed under Polish administration. Rhine received the Polish place name Ryn . As far as the residents were not fled, they were in the period that followed largely driven .

coat of arms

Blazon : "In silver on green ground, a black stag resting in front of a green deciduous tree."

This badge of the old Commandery Reyn was awarded to the city by King Wilhelm I on February 7, 1880.

Population development until 1945

year	Residents	Remarks
1782	about 1000
1802	1269
1810	1260
1816	1271
1821	1336
1831	1058	mostly poles
1875	2340
1880	2226
1885	2285
1905	1923
1925	2084
1933	2290
1939	2274

church

Evangelical

→ Main article : Evangelical parish church Rhine

Church building / chapel

In the years 1602 to 1604 a church was built on the site of an earlier church in the Rhine, which was rebuilt between 1871 and 1876 by adding neo-Gothic shapes and a high tower. Little remained of the old furnishings. On December 1, 1940, the building burned down and was not rebuilt.

Today the small Evangelical Lutheran community uses a single-family house with a built-in church hall as a chapel .

Parish

There has been a Protestant parish in the Rhine since 1528. A wide-ranging parish was assigned to it, in which in 1925 nearly 6,000 parishioners lived. The parish was part of the parish of Lötzen in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union until 1945 .

Today there is a small community in Ryn that uses its own chapel . It belongs to the Masurian Diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland . As before the war, Ryn is the parish seat; assigned to the chapel in Sterławki Wielkie (Groß Stürlack) and the chapel in Koczarki (Kotzargen , 1929 to 1945 Eichhöhe) .

Catholic

The Church of the Immaculate Conception of Mary in Ryn

Before 1945, the Catholics in Rhine belonged to the parish of St. Adalbert in Sensburg ( Polish Mrągowo ) of the Diocese of Warmia .

Today Ryn has its own church, the Kościół Niepokalanego Poczęcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny (Church of the Immaculate Conception of Mary). As a parish church, it is part of the Deanery Św with its subsidiary churches in Monetki (Sophienthal) and Ławki (Lawken , 1938 to 1945 Lauken) . Szczepana Męczennika in Giżycko (Lötzen) in the Diocese of Ełk of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland .

local community

The town itself and 19 villages with school boards belong to the town-and-country community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Ryn.

→ Main article : Gmina Ryn

Partnerships

There are partnership relationships with

• Rajongemeinde Jurbarkas , Tauragė District (Tauroggen), Lithuania (since 2001)
• Municipality of Amt Neuhaus , State of Lower Saxony, Germany (since 2006).

traffic

The main traffic arteries are the national road DK59 (former German Reichsstraße 140 ) from Giżycko (Lötzen) via Mrągowo (Sensburg) to Rozogi (Friedrichshof) and the voivodship road DW642 from Sterławki Wielkie (Groß Stürlack) to Woźnice (Wosnitzen), which crosses it in the town of Ryn .

The city of Rhine was connected to the East Prussian rail network relatively late . On November 8, 1903, the first train of the Rastenburger Kleinbahnen rolled from Rastenburg ( Polish: Kętrzyn ) via Reimsdorf (Słakowo) in the district of Rastenburg and Salpkeim (Salpik) h in the district of Sensburg to the Rhine in the district of Lötzen . After several years of interruption in the first years after the Second World War , traffic on this route continued until June 1, 1971.

Today, Ryn is the only train station - located on the Głomno – Białystok railway line - connected to the Polish State Railways (PKP) network via Sterławki Wielkie .

Ryn can also be reached by houseboat on the waterways of the Lake District. A modern Ecomarina is available to sailors and houseboats.

The airport in Gdansk , which is far away and takes a long time to reach, offers connections to air traffic .

Personalities

• Adam Nietzki (1714–1780), medic
• Johann von Giese (1785–1855), major general
• Bruno Hofer (1861–1916), ichthyologist
• Ernst Rossius-Rhyn (1874–1939), architect
• Doris Kilias (1942–2008), translator.

literature

• August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland. Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 456, no.68.
• Max Toeppen : History of Masuria - A contribution to the Prussian state and cultural history. 1870 (540 pages); Reprinted 1979, pp. 104-106.

Web links

Commons : Ryn  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Ryn  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

• The official website of the Ryn City and Rural Municipality (Polish)
• History Ryn / Rhein
• Photographs from Ryn (Rhine) (Polish)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 16, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 863.
2. ^ Herbert Marzian ; Csaba Kenez : Self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 81.
3. ^ Erich Keyser : German city book - manual urban history. Volume I: Northeast Germany. W. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1939, pp. 99-100.
4. ^ Otto Hupp : German coat of arms. Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft , Bremen 1925.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 362–363, item 585.
6. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 456, no.68.
7. ^ ^{A b c d} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. loetzen.html # ew33ltznrhein. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
8. ↑ Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have been confessed to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation. Königsberg 1777, pp. 300-306 .
9. ↑ Rhine (Lötzen district)
10. ↑ Parafia w Rynie ( Memento of the original from April 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.