Sabahattin Ali

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Bust of Sabahattin Ali, Ardino

Sabahattin Ali (born February 25, 1907 in Eğridere in the Ottoman Empire , today Ardino, Bulgaria , in Sanjak Gümülcine (today Komotini in northern Greece ); died April 2, 1948 Kırklareli , Turkey ) was a Turkish writer and teacher .

family

Sabahattin Ali's family comes from the Black Sea region . His grandfather, called Salih Efendi, came from Of and was paymaster in the Ottoman Navy ( Bahriye Alayemini ). Some sources erroneously write that the grandfather was Captain Mehmet Ali Bey. In a report with Aliye Ali and Ramazan Korkmaz, Sabahattin Ali says that his wife comes from the Black Sea region and that his grandfather only later moved to Istanbul from there. The father of the writer Ali Selahattin Bey (1876–1926) grew up in the Cihangir district of Istanbul ( Beyoğlu district ) and was therefore also called Cihangirli Selahattin. He was a captain of the infantry ( Piyade yüzbaşısı ).

Ali Selahattin Bey (1876–1926) met Hüsniye Hanım, 16 years his junior, daughter of Lieutenant Mehmet Ali, who came from Bandırma , as an Ottoman officer in Eğridere , and married her. The couple had two sons, Sabahattin (born 1907) and Fikret (born 1911). During the First World War , Ali Selahattin Bey was transferred to Çanakkale as extraordinary chairman of the court martial, where he stayed with his wife and children for the next four years. Sabahattin Ali wrote from time to time in his letters and writings of the years he had spent in Çanakkale. The family later moved to Izmir, where Ali Selahattin Bey wanted to work in the entertainment industry with the money he saved. The initially ongoing business was suddenly interrupted by the occupation of Izmir . The family moved to Edremit and lived there with Hüsniyes father, where the daughter Süheyla was born (Saniye Süheyla Conkman, 1920 or 1922-2017). Süheyla was called "Süha" in the family.

Life

The first years

Sabahattin Ali was on 25 February 1907 the district Eğridere of Sanjak (Province) Gümülcine in Edirne born. His father, Ali Selahattin Bey, named his children Sabahattin and Fikret after the Ottoman intellectuals of the time, Tevfik Fikret and Prince Sabahaddin , with whom he was friends.

At the age of seven, Sabahattin Ali came to the Füyûzâtı Osmâniye School in Doğancılar, Istanbul. At the same time, Ali Selahattin Bey was called to Çanakkale and the family moved there. Sabahattin Ali soon had to drop out of school because there were no longer any teachers who could teach. Sabahattin Ali then attended elementary school ( Iptidai mektep ) in the family's respective places of residence, Çanakkale and later Edremit.

Sabahattin Ali's mother, Hüsniye Hanim, married at the age of 16. The marriage was strained not least because the father adhered to progressive and liberal ideas, but the mother came from a conservative and strictly religious family and tried suicide several times because of psychological problems . According to Ali Demirel, an old friend of Sabahattin Ali, she was a choleric and cared more about brother Fikret. Sabahattin Ali was a loner during this time and did not play with other children. He preferred to draw or read books at home. However, he was one of the most successful students in his class. His father's friend Mehmet Sah Bey paid a lot of attention to the child and motivated them to read a lot.

Education

After graduating from school in 1921, Sabahattin stayed with his uncle in Istanbul for a year . After his return to Balıkesir , he enrolled at the so-called "Balikesir Muallim Mektebi", an institute for the training of teachers.

In the sophomore year he began writing poetry and stories and sent some of these texts to newspapers and magazines. He also published a school newspaper with his friends. During his time at this school he began to keep a diary and continued to occupy himself with theater and cinema. This increased his interest in art. He could not stand the discipline of the school and went to theater or cinema performances again and again during school time. When the headmaster threatened to send him back to his family because of this, he attempted suicide, which he himself described as a bluff. The attempt was prevented by a friend and his teachers. In 1926 he switched to the teachers' school in Istanbul for the last year of training and began to publish his first poems. With the support of his literature teacher Ali Canip Yöntem, he sent some poems to magazines such as Caglayan and Akbaba. He received his teaching diploma on August 21, 1927. During this time, his mother's health deteriorated.

The time as a teacher

After graduation, Sabahattin Ali visited his uncle Rifat Ali, who was then working as deputy chief physician in the hospital in Ertüzün. When Rifat Ali got a job offer from the hospital in Yozgat , he wanted to take Sabahattin Ali with him. In consultation with Cevat Dursunoglu, he got his nephew in Yozgat a job as a primary school teacher. Later the whole family moved to Yozgat. Here he was able to make many new contacts, but he had difficulty finding people who could read and understand his writings and poems. In a letter of November 24, 1927 to Nahit, a close friend of Sabahattin Ali in Istanbul, he complained about his loneliness. Nahit is one of the people Sabahattin Ali met and loved during his legal clerkship. It started with a friendship and ended with an unrequited love. The main subject of his poems, which he wrote in Yozgat, was the love of his life: Nahit. The poem "Bir Macera" (Eng. The adventures), which was published in the "Servet-i Fünun", was dedicated to Nahit. The author wrote about his one-sided love in his poems “What we have won” (1927), “Your love in my heart” (1927), “Forever” (1928), “Liege und sleep” (1928), “An alle Menschen "(1928)," Ausbruch "(1928) and" Branden "(1928).

Life in Germany

After a year in Yozgat, the author wanted to return to Istanbul. His uncle Rifat Ali also left Yozgat and opened a private hospital in Ankara. On the way to Istanbul, Sabahattin Ali met some people from the Ministry of Education who encouraged him to go to Europe. In fact, the Turkish Republic sent him to Germany in November 1928 for further training.

Sabahattin Ali stayed in Berlin for fifteen days and then settled in Potsdam . To learn the language, he lived with an old lady as a lodger. He later attended German courses. He was also taught German by a former officer who was in Turkey during the First World War and who spoke a little Turkish.

During his stay in Potsdam he missed Istanbul and his unrequited love. On January 1, 1929, he sent his poems to Nahit as a Christmas present, but received no response. After his language course in Potsdam, he switched to a boarding school in Berlin. Although the posting was originally planned for four years, he returned to Turkey after two years (1930). The reasons for the early return can only be guessed at.

Life as a teacher and investigation

After his return he stayed with friends in a boarding school in Istanbul. He later worked as a primary school teacher in Orhaneli , Bursa . In September of the same year he passed a German exam and began teaching German at the middle school. However, he was charged with "communist propaganda". He was arrested in May 1931 and the court ordered his release two days later. The investigation continued thereafter and Sabahattin Ali was remanded in Aydın Prison until September 9, 1931. 21 days after his release, he became a German teacher at Konya Middle School.

Another arrest was made on December 22, 1932 for a poem he was reading at a meeting. The poem contained attacks against Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and Ismet Inönü . The Konya Criminal Court sentenced him to one year in prison for insulting Ataturk. The sentence was later increased to fourteen months. On April 29, 1933, his diploma was canceled. Friends said he read constantly at night in Sinop Prison and wrote on a chest during the day.

Reappointment

After his release, Sabahattin Ali visited his relatives in Istanbul and went to Ankara to be reinstated. He contacted the General Director of the Secondary School, Reşat Şemseddin Sirer, and the Deputy Under-Secretary of State, Rıdvan Nafiz Edgüer. However, because of his criticism of Ataturk, they refused to accept responsibility for his reinstatement.

While Sabahattin Ali was trying to get re-admission to the teaching profession, he was working at his uncle Rifat Ali's house, doing small translations. In 1934 he was asked to write a poem about Ataturk. This opus of January 13, 1934 with the title “Benim Askim” (My Love), which was published in the magazine Varlık, ultimately contributed to Sabahattin Ali, with Ataturk's approval, initially at short notice in the direction of the departments of the middle schools (May 1934) and then was appointed to the National Education and Training Center on a long-term basis.

Wedding and name change

Sabahattin Ali's former lover Nahit had married, and his girlfriend Ayşe had turned down his proposal because she thought it was a joke. In 1932 he met a young woman named Aliye in the house of the pharmacist Salih Başotaç in Istanbul and wanted to marry her. The Başotaç family had a very great influence on the marriage. Aliye's family were initially critical of the connection because of Ali's prison stays, but Aliye was later able to persuade them. The civil wedding took place on May 16, 1935 in Kadıköy. Sabahattin Ali and his wife moved to Ankara after the wedding. Ali gave German lessons in a secondary school. During this time the family was doing well financially, Ali was able to publish some works again.

Sabahattin Ali's family took the surname "Şenyuva" under the Family Name Act. But the author wanted to use his father's first name "Ali". In order to realize this he went to the administration, but the name "Ali" was rejected as a surname. So he decided on "Alı". The literary historian Ramazan Korkmaz says that the family found the surname "Şenyuva" (happy family) inappropriate because of their problems.

Life after military service

At the age of 30 he joined Sabahattin Ali for military service. He was trained as a simple soldier for 2 months and as a deputy officer for 6 months. He took his wife Aliye to their respective locations. During his military service in Istanbul in 1937, his daughter Filiz Ali was born. After completing his military service, he moved back to Ankara and was able to work as a Turkish teacher. During this time in Ankara he made contacts with various writers, including Sabahattin Eyüboğlu , Azra Erhat, Mediha (Berkes) Esenel and Niyazi Ağırnaslı. He also worked on his literary works and in 1939 published the novel "The Demon in Us". The work became the subject of political debate. The nationalist-racist writer Nihâl Atsız published a 16-page pamphlet entitled "Icimizdeki Seytanlar" (The Demons Within). In 1944 he sued Nihâl Atsız for insult. (After that, Nihâl Atsız and others were sentenced to ten years imprisonment in 1945 in criminal proceedings, but were acquitted after a year and a half on appeal.) Before World War II, Sabahattin did his second military service in Istanbul for four months. Meanwhile he wrote “Kürk Mantolu Madonna” (The Madonna in the Fur Coat). He was also editor of a popular weekly with the title " Marko Paşa " with Aziz Nesin . He was again imprisoned and released in 1944, after which he had financial difficulties.

The death

In 1948, Sabahattin Ali decided to travel to Edirne . However, his plan was not to stay there, as he had told everyone, but to flee to Bulgaria via Edirne in order to forestall a politically motivated arrest. Since he was not issued a passport, he tried to obtain it illegally. A hairdresser named Hasan, an old friend from prison, was supposed to help him escape to Europe. He introduced Sabahattin Ali to a former officer named Ali Ertekin. Ertekin had been suspended for theft of an arms. Presumably on April 1 or 2, 1948 (according to the perpetrator's statement) Sabahattin Ali was murdered near the Bulgarian border. His body was found by a shepherd on June 16, 1948 and the alleged perpetrator Ertekin was arrested shortly afterwards as part of an investigation by the Istanbul police into a gang of people smugglers. On January 12, 1949, Ali Ertekin was presented to the public as the perpetrator. He killed the poet out of national feelings. According to the perpetrator's questionable and flowery testimony, they drove to Kırklareli in a truck to continue to Edirne. Sabahattin had worked towards a communist revolution in Turkey and provoked Ertekin until he beat him to death with a stick. Another hypothesis is that Ertekin handed him over to the Turkish secret service and that Sabahattin died of torture during an interrogation. The trial against Ertekin began on April 30, 1949 before the criminal court ( Ağır Ceza Mahkemesi ) in Kırklareli. With a judgment of October 15, 1950, the perpetrator was sentenced to 4 years imprisonment, but was able to benefit from the amnesty law passed in the same year.

Publications in German translation

  • Master novels of world literature - Turkey: Sabahattin Ali. Translated by Friedrich von Rummel . (= Voices of the Nations, Issue 4.) Bavaria-Verlag, Gauting 1948.
  • Anatolian stories. Translated by Herbert Melzig. Volk und Welt publishing house, Berlin 1953.
  • The ox cart. Stories from Anatolia. Translated by Peter Sindlinger and Hülya Wicher. Sindlinger-Burchartz, Nürtingen 1991, ISBN 3-928812-00-9 .
  • The demon in us. Translated by Ute Birgi-Knellessen. Unionsverlag, Zurich 2007, ISBN 3-293-10007-4 .
  • The Madonna in the Fur Coat. Novel. Translated by Ute Birgi-Knellessen. Dörlemann Verlag , Zurich 2008, ISBN 978-3-908777-38-0 .
  • Yusuf. Novel. Translated by Ute Birgi-Knellessen. Dörlemann Verlag, Zurich 2014, ISBN 978-3-03820-002-4 .

literature

  • Filiz Ali: "Filiz hiç üzülmesin ..." Sabahattin Ali'nin objektifinden, kızı Filiz'in gözünden bir yaşam öyküsü. Sel, İstanbul 1995, ISBN 975-570-011-0 .
  • Elisabeth Siedel: Sabahattin Ali, mystic and socialist. Contributions to the interpretation of a modern Turkish author. Schwarz, Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-922968-30-9 ( digitized version ).
  • Otto Spies : The modern Turkish literature. In: Handbuch der Orientalistik: Turkologie , Brill, Leiden 1982, ISBN 90-04-06555-5 , p. 369.

Web links

Commons : Sabahattin Ali  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sabahattin chose the surname Ali according to the law of June 28, 1934 on the introduction of surnames.
  2. ↑ The date of birth February 25, 1907 is given in most sources; in addition, 1906 as the year of birth and February 12 and March 10 are the birthdays.
  3. ^ YKY publishing house: Sabahattin Ali
  4. ↑ İbrahim Alâettin Gövsa: Türk meşhurları ansiklopedisi . Yedigün, S. 332 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h Tabular curriculum vitae ( 41 yıllık yaşamın öyküsü ) in: Filiz Ali Laslo and Atilla Özkırımlı: Sabahattin Ali. Cem Yayınevi, Istanbul 1979ö pp. 17-21
  6. ↑ a b c Süheyla Conkman: Ağabeyim Sabahattin Ali ( My Brother Sabahattin Ali ) in: Filiz Ali Laslo and Atilla Özkırımlı: Sabahattin Ali. Cem Yayınevi, Istanbul 1979, pp. 23-29
  7. ^ Aziz Nesin: Sabahattin Ali Bibliyografyası . Gelincik, S. 12 .
  8. ^ Filiz Ali Laslo, Atilla Özkırımlı: Sabahattin Ali . Cem Yayinlari, S. 320 .
  9. ↑ Rashid Mazhar Ertüzün: Sabahattin Ali Olayının Gerçeği . Gür Yayınları, S. 175 .
  10. ^ Sabahattin Ali: Hep Genç Kalacağım . Yapı Kredi Yayınları, S. 361 .
  11. ^ M. Behçet Yazar: Edebiyatçılarımız ve Türk edebiyatı . Kanaat Kitabevi, İstanbul 1989 ( worldcat.org [accessed June 18, 2019]).
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Korkmaz Ramazan: Sabahattin Ali - İnsan ve Eser .
  13. ↑ a b Filiz Ali Laslo, Atilla Özkirimli: Sabahattin Ali . age, 1979, p. 321 .
  14. ↑ a b c d e f Asim Bezirci: Sabahattin Ali . Çınar Yayınları, 1987, p. 280 .
  15. ↑ Naili Pertev Boratev: Folklar ve Edebiyat . 1982.
  16. ↑ Erdal Bozdag: Yerel Bir Mecmua Örneği: Çağlayan Mecmuası (İnceleme - Fihrist) . Dicle Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakanschesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü.
  17. ↑ Rashid Mazhar Ertüzün: Sabahattin Ali olayının gerçeği: Benim bildiğim Sabahattin Ali . Gür Yayınları, İstanbul 1985 ( worldcat.org [accessed June 18, 2019]).
  18. ↑ Melahat Togar: Arkadaşım Sabahattin Ali . Istanbul 1979.
  19. ↑ Vakit . May 27, 1931.
  20. ↑ Sabahattin Ali neden öldürüldü? | soL Haber Portalı. April 21, 2017. Retrieved June 18, 2019 .
  21. ↑ Berin Tasan: Sabahattin Ali Sinop'ta . Soyut.
  22. ↑ Sabahattin Ali: İki Gözüm Ayşe / Sabahattin Ali'nin Özel Mektupları . Bilgi Yayınevi, Istanbul.
  23. ↑ Sabahattin Ali: Benim Aşkım . Varlik.
  24. ↑ a b Nihal Atsiz: Icimizdeki Seytanlar . Arkadaş Basımevi.
  25. ↑ Durin Ababey, Can Sen: Sabahattin Ali'nin Son Saatleri / Karanlıkta İki Gölge: Katil ve Kurban .
personal data
SURNAME Ali, Sabahattin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Turkish writer
DATE OF BIRTH February 25, 1907
PLACE OF BIRTH Eğridere Ottoman Empire , now Ardino, Bulgaria
DATE OF DEATH April 2, 1948
Place of death Kırklareli