Salaire minimum interprofessionnel de croissance

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Salaire minimum interprofessionnel de croissance , or SMIC [ smik ] for short (in German, for example: growth-oriented minimum wage for all occupational groups) is the statutory minimum wage in France . In international comparison, SMIC is one of the highest minimum wages in the world. It emerged in 1970 from the predecessor SMIG, the salaire minimum interprofessionnel garanti, which was introduced twenty years earlier . The last time the SMIC was set on January 1, 2018, is the current amount of EUR 1,498.47  per month (based on 35 hours of weekly working hours). This amount is at least payable to all employees who occupy a full-time French job. This corresponds to an hourly wage of exactly 9.88 euros gross.

The SMIC is defined as the gross hourly wage that no employer can fall below in order to remunerate a healthy adult wage earner. It secures low-wage earners a guarantee of purchasing power and participation in the nation's economic development. Violations of the law are punishable by fines of at least 1500 euros for each unlawfully paid employee.

Employers pay reduced social security contributions for employment at the minimum wage. This reduction is melted down to a wage level of 1.6 times the SMIG. From 1.6 times the full social security contributions are due. The existence of the minimum wage and these social security contributions have led to a strong concentration of employment relationships at the minimum wage.

In France, overtime has been legally exempt from income tax since 2009.

history

The SMIC emerged from the SMIG (salaire minimal national interprofessionnel garanti) and the SMAG (salaire minimal garanti annuel en agriculture), two minimum wage models set up in response to the economic situation after the Second World War under the government of Vincent Auriol on October 9th and on February 11, 1950, respectively. The French Communist Party , the Socialists and the Republicans all voted against the bill introducing the minimum wage. The level of the SMIG was subject to regional differentiations; lower wages were paid in the départements of what was then still French in Algeria and in the overseas French regions of Guadeloupe , Guyana , Martinique and Réunion than in the motherland . The minimum wage rate for residents of Île-de-France was 18% higher than that for workers in the rest of metropolitan France . In the case of an inflation rate around or above 5%, the minimum wages had to be adjusted proportionally to this inflation rate. Economic experts assessed this precaution very critically and saw it as a threat to the overall economic situation in weakened post-war France. In 1952 the rate was reduced from 5% to 2%. The SMAG was a special form of the SMIG, which was introduced especially for those employed in agriculture and paid annually due to the harvest periods. For this purpose, the annual salary of these employees was converted into a monthly, weekly or hourly wage.

On January 2, 1970, the two models SMIG and SMAG were combined to form today's SMIC. A uniform minimum wage for France has now been introduced based on a mixed model of negotiation and index models.

Amount of the gross minimum wage

The SMIC is set annually by the government and published in the Journal Officiel . It comes into force for the employer on July 1st after publication. In the event of an inflation rate of more than 2%, the increase will take effect earlier, automatically after the rate has been determined and its percentage. The annual determination is based on two criteria: the consumer price index and the wage development (which takes into account not only traditional wages but also benefits in the form of natural products, tips or predictable bonuses). Before that, a commission made up of representatives from the government, employers and trade unions, the “Commission Nationale de la Négociation Collective” (CNNC), presents a recommendation on the future development of the minimum wage, but the law allows the government to do so Raising the SMIC can also be carried out independently and without consulting the employer and trade union representatives. In May 2007, for example, the socialist presidential candidate Ségolène Royal used the SMIC as an electoral tool by promising to increase it in the event of an election victory.

Development of the SMIC hourly wage since 1980 based on a 35-hour week in euros
2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2012 2011 2010 2009
10.03 9.88 9.76 9.67 9.61 9.53 9.43 9.40 9.22 9.19 8.86 8.82
2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1996 1995 1994
8.71 8.44 8.27 8.03 7.61 7.19 6.83 6.67 6.41 6.21 6.13 6.01 5.78 5.75 5.54 5.42
1993 1992 1992 1991 1990 1990 1990 1989 1989 1988 1988 1987 1987 1986 1986 1985
5.31 5.19 5.08 4.98 4.87 4.77 4.65 4.56 4.48 4.38 4.34 4.24 4.20 4.10 4.05 3.97
1985 1985 1984 1984 1984 1984 1983 1983 1983 1983 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1981
3.89 3.80 3.71 3.63 3.59 3.47 3.40 3.34 3.30 3.20 3.09 2.99 2.90 2.84 2.77 2.71
1981 1981 1981 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980
2.64 2.55 2.32 2.25 2.18 2.13 2.08 2.04

Recipients and exemptions

The SMIC is used by around 12.4% of employees in France. This 12.4% corresponds to around 2.9 million employees (as of 2006). The right to obtain at least the SMIC generally applies to all employees. The following are subject to an exception regarding the amount of the minimum wage:

  • Young people under 18 years of age with less than 6 months of work experience
  • Apprentices under 26 years of age
  • Interns who are being prepared to practice their profession
  • Disabled person

Young people with less than 6 months of work experience receive 20% less up to the age of 16, from 17 to 18 years of age. Age 10% less than regular SMIC recipients.

For trainees, the percentage wage reduction in relation to the SMIC is made dependent on both age and schooling. Upon completion of a so-called "Contrat de Professionalisation", the minimum wage for a trainee under 21 years of age without a technical diploma is at least 55% of the SMIC (with a technical diploma at least 65%), for a trainee from 21 to 25 years of age without a technical diploma at least 70 % of the SMIC (with a technical diploma at least 80%), for a trainee from the age of 26, regardless of qualification, at least the full amount of the SMIC and at least 85% of the conventional wage. (See also: Contrat première embauche , Contrat nouvelle embauche )

Disabled workers also receive a reduced SMIC rate, at least 90% of the regular SMIC, but a social security allowance adjusts their income to the SMIC level.

The service sector leads the way within the SMIC recipient groups, with women having a higher proportion of recipients than men. This seems paradoxical for a country in which female employees make up almost half. The catering sector has the highest number of minimum wage employees. Around 33.9% of male employees and 47.7% of female employees are rewarded with the SMIC. For home services, 22.7% of men and 36.3% of women are paid on a SMIC basis. In the clothing industry it is 15.5% for men and 39% for women. Age also plays a central role in remuneration. As a rule, young employees receive the minimum wage twice as often as employees over the age of 26; here too, women have a higher number of recipients than men. Part-time work, fixed-term employment relationships or work for temporary employment agencies are characteristic of an SMIC remuneration. The higher the professional qualification of the employee, the lower the proportion of SMIC recipients. New observations suggest that ethnicity also has an impact on employment. Black Africans and Maghrebians see themselves disproportionately among the SMIC recipients. In order to prevent this wage discrimination, the government recommends that companies make the recruitment with the help of a curriculum vitae that does not ask for surname, first name, nationality or religious affiliation. The rate, i.e. the level of the minimum wage, is also subject to regional peculiarities: In Alsace and in the Moselle department, some legal provisions from the period from 1871 to 1918 continue to apply, including the trade regulations (Code local des professions) and social security law (especially the Reich Insurance Code ).

As a result, z. B. the rate of the mandatory minimum wage in these three departments (2014: € 7.87 / h) compared to that in the rest of France (2014: € 8.03 / h).

Critics such as Hans-Werner Sinn from the Ifo Institute saw the level of the minimum wage as a cause of the high youth unemployment in France, which triggered the suburban riots in 2005 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Smic: + 1.24% on January 1st, 2018 (fr)
  2. ↑ «Le SMIC est le niveau de salaire horaire brut au-lingerie duquel aucun employeur ne peut descendre pour rémunérer un salarié valid adulte. »
  3. ^ «Le SMIC assure aux salariés dont les salaires sont les plus faibles la garantie de leur pouvoir d'achat et une paticipation au développement économique de la Nation. » (Code de Travail, Art. L 141-2)
  4. ↑ Service Public: Exemption from income tax ( Memento of the original from February 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (French) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / vosdroits.service-public.fr
  5. ↑ With this divergence, Algerian separatists established the beginning of the war on November 1, 1954 .
  6. ↑ Burgess, Pete and Alastair Usher (2003): Generally binding and minimum wage regulation in member states of the EU - An overview . Pages 52–78 (PDF; 372 kB)
  7. ↑ Article 7 of the law of June 1, 1924 introducing French civil law in the Bas-Rhin, Haut-Rhin and Moselle departments
  8. ↑ Le Cesu et Vous SMIC deviation
  9. ↑ Focus, April 3, 2006, No. 14, p. 35 [1]  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.cesifo.de