Salt flats
| Salt flats | ||
.JPG) Below the field is the salt meadow, which is considered to be the headwaters of the salt flats |
||
| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 25834 | |
| location |
Westerwald (natural area)
West Hessian mountain and valley land |
|
| River system | Rhine | |
| Drain over | Lahn → Rhine → North Sea | |
| source | on the southern flank of the 564 m high Würgeloh , municipality of Bad Endbach , northwest of the districts of Hartenrod and west of Schlierbach 50 ° 45 ′ 55 ″ N , 8 ° 26 ′ 41 ″ E |
|
| Source height | approx. 440 m above sea level NN | |
| muzzle | near Lollar - Odenhausen Coordinates: 50 ° 40 ′ 40 ″ N , 8 ° 42 ′ 21 ″ E 50 ° 40 ′ 40 ″ N , 8 ° 42 ′ 21 ″ E |
|
| Mouth height | 164 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | approx. 276 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 10 ‰ | |
| length | 27.6 km | |
| Catchment area | 137.85 km² | |
| Drain |
MQ |
1322 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Schlierbach , Hülsbach , Dernbach , Römershäuser Bach , Kehlnbach , Bornsbach | |
| Right tributaries | Endbach , Floßbach , Seibertshäuser Bach , Subach , vers | |
| Small towns | Gladenbach , Lollar | |
| Communities | Bad Endbach , Lohra , Fronhausen | |
The Salzböde is an approximately 27.6 km long right tributary of the Lahn in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district with its mouth in the Gießen district in the state of Hesse , Germany . It has a water catchment area of around 140 km². The 29 km long Salzböder Cycle Path runs alongside the river .
The Salzbödetal natural area , which runs along the floodplain, divides the surrounding Gladenbacher Bergland in a west-east direction.
Surname
First mention
The name Salzböde was first mentioned in a deed of donation from the 8th century, in which a noblewoman named Adelburch transferred her possessions in the village of "Salzbutine" ( salt soils ) near the mouth to the Fulda monastery .
In the land peace treaty that Bishop Wernher of Mainz concluded with the Hessian imperial cities and neighboring territorial lords in the description of the border in the north, the river Salzböde (“..., et ab illa silva usque ad aquam, que dictur Salzbuide, ... “) Called.
In the book “Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse” by Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner , Grand Ducal Geometer, Verlag Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt, from 1830, it says, among other things: “In the vicinity of Mornshausen a. S. a salty water has been discovered, which is probably what the name ' salt flats ' refers to. "
origin of the name
The Regensburg onomastic Albrecht Greule derives the stream name Salzböde from the Indo-European root * bud . In Old Indian , which also belongs to the Indo-European language family , budbudah means something like "water bubble". Accordingly, the name could perhaps be interpreted as "the foaming one" or "the bubbly one". The hypothetical original form of the water body name Salzböde would therefore be * (salt) budina . The hydronym * Budina , the final syllable - böde , also has other equivalents within Europe, such as the handmade paper in Alsace , the Pitten in Lower Austria or the Bednja in Croatia . The prefix salt - is a distinctive addition to the name, such as in Salzschlirf or Salzuflen. Greule also counts the water body name Salzböde to the group of pre-individual language, old European hydronyms within the catchment area of the Lahn , which also includes the names of the neighboring streams Allna and Aar .
The final syllable - böde could possibly also be an Old High German synonym for river / brook, similar to the Bode in the Harz Mountains.
The name Salt Böde is unusual for a freshwater stream. But firstly, the vegetation in the area of origin indicates a slightly increased mineral or salt content in the soil. And secondly, according to stubborn popular belief, the water of the salt flats should taste a little salty locally. It has been proven that there were or are some salt deposits along the course of the stream, but none of them should be regarded as productive sites.
The origin of the salts in the eastern Rhenish Slate Mountains, which rise from fissures, has not been clearly established. Since no salt deposits are known in the Rhenish Slate Mountains, the salt water must come from outside, e.g. B. migrate from the south over significant, deep expansion fractures into the consolidated slate mountain block (flow into it). A hike from the south from the tertiary salt deposits of the Upper Rhine Graben is therefore an obvious choice. It is known that a NaCl groundwater flow moves north from the south via Wiesbaden - Biskirchen. It is not known where it ends.
geography
Origin in the headwaters
The origin of the salt flats lies in the southwestern part of the Gladenbacher Bergland in the historic Hessian hinterland in the municipality of Bad Endbach , northwest of the district of Hartenrod , in the Schlierbach district . The source area is 435 to 410 m above sea level. NN on the southern slope of the 564 m high Würgeloh , a southern branch of the Bottenhorn plateau .
.JPG)
There is no actual source . The water seeps from many individual springs, which are distributed over a large area on a marshy, wet meadow , known as a " salt meadow ", on a gentle slope. The “Salzbödequelle” sign on site marks the point where the water is first visible as a small stream.
The direction of flow is initially southeast. The built-up settlement area of Hartenrod begins after about 600 meters. From there on, the water is continuously contained in sewer pipes over a length of approx. 500 m (as the crow flies) and its course is more or less heavily built over with a wide variety of structures. Therefore, it is also not clear where and in what way a second river meets it. This rises almost exactly 2 km as the crow flies south of the hillside meadow described above on the northwest slope of the 498 m high Schönscheid . It carries a comparable amount of water over a somewhat longer distance before it is also piped in the locality. According to topographical maps, this second watercourse is also intended to include another one that has its source exactly south of the town.
course
The generally easterly direction of flow is due to the location of the well over 500 m high plateau of the Bottenhorn plateau in the north opposite the steep hills of the Zollbuche natural area with summit heights between 300 and 450 m, initially in practically uninterrupted succession . Only in the second half of the route does the salt flats turn more and more in southerly directions. In the direction of flow, the salt flat crosses the districts of the localities of Hartenrod, Bad Endbach and Wommelshausen-Hütte (all of the municipality of Bad Endbach ), then the districts of Weidenhausen , Erdhausen, Gladenbach and Mornshausen of the city of Gladenbach and the districts of Lohra, Damm and Reimershausen of the municipality of Lohra . In between, the salt flats at the Steinfurtsmühle below Oberwalgern also briefly flow through the municipality of Fronhausen . It thus flows for the most part in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district . Shortly before its confluence, it touches the district of Salzböden, the settlement Röderheide and the district of Odenhausen of the city of Lollar in the district of Gießen.
What is remarkable about all these settlements is that - with the exception of Hartenrod and Bad Endbach - they are either built at a fairly large distance from the stream bed or at least in a relatively flood-free location. Exceptions to this, however, are the existing buildings of the almost proverbial 40 mills . But their locations have also been selected based on centuries of experience so that they are not threatened by floods in normal cases. However, mostly recently, some buildings have been erected too close to the watercourse, e.g. B. the municipal administration and the Kurhaus in Bad Endbach.
A heavy rain event on September 17, 2006 with over 100 l / m² of precipitation caused considerable damage to the spa gardens and especially to the buildings. As a result, flood protection measures (including collecting basins and barrages) were planned in the course of the salt flats, which have now been largely completed on the upper reaches. In April 2013, the barrage built at the narrowest point in the upper reaches of the salt flats to the west of the "forest mill" was completed.
Tributaries
The following tributaries flow into the salt flats:
| Surname |
Inflow side |
Length [km] |
Catchment area [km²] |
Mouth height [m. ü. NN] |
estuarine place |
Source natural space |
DGKZ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schlierbach | Left | 2.4 km | 340 | Hartenrod | Bottenhorn plateaus | 25834-114 | |
| Hülsbach | Left | 3.4 km | 325 | Hartenrod | Bottenhorn plateaus | 25834-194 | |
| Endbach | right | 2.9 km | 3,636 | 296 | Endbach | Customs beech | 25834-2 |
| Dernbach | Left | 4.3 km | 6.024 | 286 | Wommelshausen - Hut | Bottenhorn plateaus | 25834-32 |
| Floßbach | right | 2.1 km | 283 | Wommelshausen Hut | Customs beech | 25834-392 | |
| Seibertshauser Bach | right | 3.3 km | 6,983 | 260 | Weidenhausen | Customs beech | 25834-4 |
| Römershäuser Bach | Left | 5.3 km | 9,831 | 250 | Weidenhausen | Salzbödetal | 25834-52 |
| Kehlnbach | Left | 4.2 km | 235 | Erdhausen | Salzbödetal | 25834-594 | |
| Bornsbach | Left | 3.5 km | 4,623 | 229 | Gladenbach | Salzbödetal | 25834-6 |
| Nixböde | Left | Mornshausen | Salzbödetal | ||||
| Subach | right | 3.7 km | 217 | Mornshausen | Customs beech | 25834-718 | |
| Limbach | right | 2.1 km | 204 | Lohra | Customs beech | 25834-7316 | |
| Kirbach | Left | 2.5 km | 203 | Lohra | Salzbödetal | 25834-7392 | |
| verse | right | 8.4 km | 42,546 | 188 | Reimershausen | Salzbödetal | 25834-8 |
All left tributaries arising within the Bad Endbacher district come from the Bottenhorn plateaus immediately adjacent to the north and remain accordingly short; the left tributaries further downstream even come directly from the Salzbödetal natural area with little relief .
For similar reasons, the right tributaries above Lohras, which have their source in the mountain range of the Zollbuche , which is immediately adjacent to the south, remain short.
The verse clearly plays a special role - its valley, together with its tributaries Krebsbach (right, 7.0 km, 12.443 km²) and Krumbach (left, 4.6 km, 6.216 km²), also occupies the southwest arm of the Salzbödetal natural area a.
economy
Mineral water spring
In the valley near Mornshausen, close to the district boundary with Lohra, encompassing both districts, at the Götzenmühle and the Mappesmühle , two boreholes were drilled at the end of the 19th century, from which salty water (chloride and calcium) was extracted.
The Hygiene Institute of the University of Marburg, on behalf of the municipality of Lohra, again examined water samples from the "Lower Salt Meadow Spring" in the Lohra district in 1958 with the following result:
- "According to the chemical analysis, the water is essentially characterized by its high content of alkali chloride, ie predominantly sodium chloride. Since the total amount of dissolved solid constituents is over 1 g / l, this water is mineral water , and Although the well can be called a "salt source" ".
In conclusion it says:
- "... that the water can be used as medicinal water or at least as table water after appropriate treatment".
The water was not extracted.
Mills and steel mills
_-_M%C3%BChle_(1).jpg)
_(001).jpg)
According to oral tradition, 40 water mills are said to have stood on the way to the confluence with the Lahn, near Odenhausen . Even today, most of the mill buildings are still standing, often rebuilt, in some cases even with the water rights required to operate the mill as legal title tied to the ownership of the building or with existing mill ditches. A few are even still functional, but no longer in operation. The defunct mill sites have, however, almost all in place names received.
Evidence shows that there were four smaller smelting works or forest smithies on the salt flats that were operated with water power as early as the Middle Ages . Locations were the Hüttner mill ( Hüttner hut called) in Wommelshausen -Hütte that Waldmuhle at Weidenhausen (Gladenbach) , the hut mill , a former silver melt at (Mornshausen as) and the melting mill at ( saline soils ).
In the 19th century, two ironworks that still exist today were built on the Salzböde, namely the “Justushütte” (founded in 1832) in Weidenhausen and the “Auroraütte” (founded in 1849) in Erdhausen. Both hut locations go back to mills, the Justushütte to the Neumühle and the Auroraütte to the Urbansmühle . They were dependent on the water of the salt flats to drive the stamp mills and bellows over mill wheels. The Justushütte even operated a charcoal furnace from 1840 to 1883. The iron ores came from the surrounding area. The Aurora hut was a nickel smelter from 1850 to 1887, which was supplied with ores from Bellnhausen.
freetime and recreation
Salzböderadweg
Along the Salzböde there is a 29 km marked and signposted cycle path, the Salzböderadweg , from the confluence of the Salzböde into the Lahn in Odenhausen an der Lahn (165 m) to Hartenrod (440 m), but naturally not to the source area.
Health promotion
The residents of the Salzbödetal must have been aware of the health-promoting effects of "their" Salzböde water long, possibly even before the times of Pastor Sebastian Kneipp : at Weidenhausen, Erdhausen, Gladenbach, Mornshausen and at the Etzelmühle existed since the mid-1920s "Natural bathing establishments". These were brick or concrete swimming pools that were either filled with water from the salt flats or, as in Weidenhausen, with water from the Römershäuser brook.
literature
- Topographic leisure map 1: 50000 Lahn-Dill , publisher: Freizeitregion Lahn-Dill & Hessisches Landesvermessungsamt, 2004; ISBN 3-89446-288-4
- Johanna Becker-Hanauer: On geology and hydrogeology in the catchment area of the salt flats , unpublished diploma thesis, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Justus Liebig University Gießen, 1980
- Rainer Brämer: Salt springs in the Salzbödetal , message from the Association for History and Folklore Lohra, No. 15, self-published, Lohra-Damm 1995
- Albrecht Greule: names of waters in the Lahn river basin . In: Norbert Nail (ed.), The world of names. Six articles based on names. Marburg 1998
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
- ^ Albrecht Greule: names of waters in the Lahn river basin. In: Norbert Nail (ed.): The world of names. Six articles based on names. Marburg 1998, p. 12
- ^ Albrecht Greule: names of waters in the Lahn river basin. In: Norbert Nail (ed.): The world of names. Six articles based on names. Marburg 1998, p. 10 f.
- ↑ Explanations of the Geological Map of Hesse, sheet 5216, Hess. State Office f. Soil research, Wiesbaden 1997