Sarduri II

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Sarduri II ( md Sar 5 -du-ri) was a Urartean king who lived from about 753 to 735 BC. (Or 760–733 BC) ruled.

Conquests in the north

Sarduri was the son of his predecessor Argišti I and was initially able to defend the conquests of Argišti I north of the Aras . Sarduri II led several campaigns to Lake Sevan from his first year of reign and conquered the southeastern shore of the lake, Likiu, Uelikuḫi, Tulihu and Uduri-Etiuni and countries south of the Vardenis Mountains, Ediani, Irduani and Puinialḫi. The inscription of Atacham describes the conquest of Tuliḫuni, whose king Ṣinalibi was brought to Urartu, and the campaign against Uduri-Etiuni . Tsovak's inscription describes the conquest of Arquqini and the campaign against Urteḫi .

Campaigns in the west

Approx. 750 Sarduri II moved against Kuštašpi von Kummuh , conquered the royal cities Uita and Ḫalpa and then besieged the royal city Parala. The king of Kummuh submitted and was reinstated by the Urartians. According to the Sarduri report, he paid 40 mines of gold, 800 mines of silver, 3,000 pieces of textiles, 200 bronze shields and much more as a tribute . 743 can Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. however defeat the alliance of Sarduri of Urartu, Matu-Ilu of Arpad, Sulumal of Melid and Tarhulara of Gurgum between / in the lands of Kistan and Ḫalpi, districts of Kummuḫ . He took the Urataean camp, but the king managed to escape. Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. then unsuccessfully besieged the fortress near the city of Van , where Sarduri II had fled. As a result of the defeat, some governors turned away from the kingdom and the conquests on the Euphrates were lost.

Sarduri sums up his successes on the stele of Surb Pogos in Van . After that he subjected:

  • Murinu, king of Uelikuḫi
  • Ṣinalbi from Lueḥu, king of the land of Tuliḥu (perhaps Sangar near Atamhan / Vardadzor )
  • Aššur-nirari, son of Adad-nirari, king of the land of Assyria
  • The country poor
  • The royal city of Niḫirija

"He (the god Haldi) subjugated Aššur-nirari , son of Adad-nirari , king of the land of Assyria ... He threw him at the feet of Sarduri.". This clash with Assyria should have taken place around or shortly after 754, although it certainly did not end with the subjugation of the Assyrian king. He carried the title:

  • Lord of the whole
  • Great King
  • King of the Universe (LUGAL KUR SÚ)
  • King of the land of Biainili
  • King of Kings
  • Lord of the city of Tušpa

Sarduris II's successor was his son Rusa I. After the death of Sarduri, the conquests at Lake Sevan were probably lost again.

buildings

Sarduri had the fortress Šarduriḫinili (today Çavuştepe ) built 25 km from the capital Tušpa.

Inscriptions

Discovery of Sarduri's annals in 1915

The king's inscriptions are located at:

Dedication inscriptions from Sarduri II are documented for example by a shield and a helmet made of Karmir Blur .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b R. W. Hamilton: The decorated bronze strip from Gushchi. Anatolian Studies 15, 1965, p. 49
  2. ↑ Г.А. Меликишвили: Урартские клинообразные надписи. Москва: Издательство АН СССР, 1960, No. 155
  3. ^ JD Hawkins: Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions I / 1 . de Gruyter, Berlin 2000, p. 332.
  4. ↑ Annalen, 3rd year of government; compare Hayim Tadmor: The Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III King of Assyria . 2nd Edition. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem 2007, ISBN 978-965-208-175-9 , pp. 50–53, 110f., 124f., 132f., 168f., 270. Die Eponymchronik (p. 232f.) reports, however, of a victory in Arpad
  5. ^ M. Salvini: The historical Geography of the Sevan Region in the Urartian period . In: Raffaele Biscione, Simon Hmayakyan Neda Parmegiani (Ed.): The North-Eastern frontier Urartians and non-Urartians in the Sevan Lake basin . CNR Istituto di studi sulle civiltà dell'Egeo e del Vicino Oriente, Rome 2002, p. 47.
  6. ↑ Н. В. Арутюнян: Корпус уратсқих қлинообразных надписеӣ. Ереван, Гитутюн 2001, p. 274
  7. ↑ Г.А. Меликишвили: Урартские клинообразные надписи. Москва: Издательство АН СССР, 1960, No. 161
predecessor Office successor
Argišti I. King of Urartu
approx. 753–735 BC Chr. 		Rusa I.
personal data
SURNAME Sarduri II
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Urartu
DATE OF BIRTH 8th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 8th century BC Chr.