Satis temple
| Satis temple in hieroglyphics | ||||||
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Per-Setjet Pr-Sṯt House of Satis |
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Per-Sopdet Pr-Spdt House of Satis ( Sopdet ) |
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The Satis Temple (also Satet Temple, Setjet Temple, Sopdet Temple ) was originally on the eastern bank of the Nile to the eastern Elephantine as a simple -Nilinsel loam - Sanctuary of three large granite rocks v about 3200th Erected in honor of the goddess Satis , the mistress of Elephantine . The sanctuary and the forecourt had a total square area of around 20 x 20 meters.
history
At the beginning of the third millennium BC During the first dynasty , the Satis temple was given an eastward fortress on the highest point of the Nile island. The foundation height of 96 meters above sea level corresponded to a Nile flood height of about 35 cubits . A short time later, in the early 2nd dynasty, a surrounding wall was built , which enclosed an area of around 300 x 100 meters and thus housed the settlement on the west bank and the eastern fortress sanctuary.
Due to the falling floods of the Nile, the foundation heights sank to about 94 meters above sea level (about 31 cubits of the Nile flood). The changes in the building heights are documented by the Nile flood height scales of the associated Nilometer . The second area of the staircase therefore begins at the top of the 27th cubit and extends up to a height between 31 and 32 cubits (94.59 meters above sea level).
From the Old Kingdom to the middle of the Middle Kingdom , the god Khnum , who was initially subordinate to Satis in Elephantine, enjoyed a special cult in the Satis Temple. Mentuhotep II ( 11th Dynasty ) built a new sanctuary on the temple grounds. With the completion of further renovation work on the Satis temple under Sesostris I , Khnum received its own sanctuary in the immediate vicinity and was therefore not mentioned in the Satis temple in his previous role as a helper of Satis and Sopdet .
As a further addition, the Satis temple received a nilometer under Sesostris I , which was also used during the Greco-Roman period . In the New Kingdom followed during the 18th dynasty under Hatshepsut , Thutmose III. and Amenhotep III. renewed restorations and additions.
See also
literature
- Werner Kaiser: Elephantine In: Kathryn A. Bard, Steven Blake Shubert: Encyclopedia of the archeology of ancient Egypt . Routledge, London 1999, ISBN 0-415-18589-0 , pp. 272-289.
- Stephan Seidlmayer : Historic and modern Nile stands. Investigations into the level readings of the Nile from the early days to the present . Achet, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-9803-7308-8
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ The hieroglyphic spelling Sopdet has been used since the late period in addition to the usual Satis designation, since Satis in the form of Sopdet also appeared as the mistress of heaven .
- ↑ Stephan Seidlmayer: Historic and modern Nile stands . P. 81.
Coordinates: 24 ° 5 '4 " N , 32 ° 53' 14" E