Schilling & Graebner

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The architecture office Schilling & Graebner in Dresden was founded by the associated architects Rudolf Schilling (1859-1933) and Julius Graebner (1858-1917). It was under their leadership from 1889 to 1917, but then continued to exist until 1947, most recently under Graebner's son Erwin (1895–1945). In the office, which at first mainly devoted itself to historicism and later to Art Nouveau and early modernism , plans were drawn up for many mainly Saxon buildings, including several churches, Dresden villas , administrative buildings and entire settlements worth mentioning . One of the most important works by the architects is the Christ Church in Dresden-Strehlen , which is considered to be the first modern church in Germany to overcome architectural historicism.

Christ Church in Dresden-Strehlen

Getting to know each other and working together

Town hall Pieschen

The architectural office Schilling & Graebner was founded jointly in 1889 by Rudolf Schilling and Julius Graebner. Both had met at the age of just over 20 years around 1881 while studying architecture at the Dresden Polytechnic . Even when they went their separate ways again after completing their training, they never lost sight of each other, especially since they both worked in two different offices in Berlin in the mid-1880s .

Villa Muttersegen in Dresden-Blasewitz

The two architects of about the same age complemented each other very well. Together they were efficient and very flexible. This was expressed in the fact that they not only performed complex construction tasks, but that these also showed great stylistic differences. As the son of the well-known sculptor Johannes Schilling , Schilling brought in the necessary start-up capital as well as contacts to numerous potential clients. Graebner's strength, however, was more of artistic design. Together they employed several trained architects in their company, including temporarily Oswald Bieber , Heino Otto and Johannes Rascher . Your greatest local competitors were probably William Lossow and Fritz Schumacher . At that time, Schilling and Graebner, as the leading architects of the fifth largest city in the German Empire, were among the first ranks of German architects and were particularly recognized as experts in contemporary Protestant church building. Their work was also stimulated by suggestions from Franz Wilhelm Dibelius and Cornelius Gurlitt .

Stylistic career

Imperial Palace in Dresden (1905)
Villa Würzburger in Dresden

Schilling & Graebner first represented late historicism in Dresden. Their first building contract, the town hall of the then independent municipality of Pieschen , completed in 1891 , shows clear features of the neo-renaissance , as does the Villa Muttersegen in Blasewitz, built from 1891, or the Luther Church in Radebeul . In the last few years before the turn of the century, Schilling and Graebner also designed neo-baroque buildings, such as the Kaiserpalast office building on Pirnaischer Platz in Dresden, which was destroyed in 1945, for Hermann Ilgen in 1896 . In 1895 they also designed the interiors of the Schellenberg town church St. Petri, which was destroyed after a fire, and around 1900 that of the Dresden Kreuzkirche . The latter also showed a great influence of Art Nouveau. For a long time, Schilling and Graebner represented the views of homeland security architecture .

In 1899, Schilling and Graebner bought the large Altfriedstein winery in what is now the Niederlößnitz district of Radebeul and developed the area into the Altfriedstein villa colony by creating roads and parceling out the abandoned vineyards . To do this, they tore down the west wing of the mansion and all the outbuildings of the winery and redesigned the west gable of the remaining east wing. Among other things, they built a pedestrian passage through the corner of the building on the ground floor. From 1902 until the First World War they built numerous villas and country houses there, many of them in the style of reform architecture .

After a turning point around 1902, Schilling and Graebner tried to overcome historicism and turned more to the incipient modern age, which was particularly difficult in church building due to the Eisenach regulations that apply there . The first signs of modernity are the residential buildings built in the early years of the 20th century for the Dresdner Spar- und Bauverein with their economical facade furnishings and high functionality. The Christ Church in Strehlen , built 1903-1905, was already far above the Art Nouveau and also points the way to the modern church of the 20th century, which is also very much the 1912-1914 built on the example, destroyed in 1945 Zion Church in Dresden Südvorstadt expressed comes. However, Schilling and Graebner also liked to experiment with mixed styles.

Persistence after 1917

War settlement in Trachau

After Julius Graebner died in 1917, the architecture office was continued jointly by his son Erwin Graebner , who returned from the front in October 1918 after the First World War , and Rudolf Schilling. During this time, further plans for larger structures such as the war settlement in Trachau and the development on the west side of Aachener Strasse belonging to the large settlement of Trachau were implemented. Rudolf Schilling died in 1933 and Erwin Graebner ran the office alone from then on. During this time he developed, among other things, the plans for several factory buildings for the Leipzig worsted spinning mill , which were blown up in 2007. In 1947 the architecture office Schilling & Graebner was closed.

Selected Works

The office of Schilling & Graebner left behind a very wide range of works, which is reflected both in the various construction tasks they have worked on and in the different historicizing to modern architectural styles.

Villas

Villa Goetheallee 43 in Blasewitz
Villa Rautendelein
Signet of the Altfriedstein villa colony in Radebeul

Churches

The Radebeul Luther Church
Interior view of the Christ Church in Dresden

Housing construction in Dresden

Row of houses on Aachener Strasse in Trachau
Memorial stone in the warrior settlement of Trachau

Other buildings and designs

Health park in Bad Gottleuba (1909–1913)
  • Expansion of the facilities of the Sonnenstein sanatorium in Pirna (from 1890)
  • Old cemetery chapel, Radebeul-Ost cemetery , 1890
  • Town hall Pieschen , 1890–1891
  • Business-house Imperial Palace for Hermann Ilgen at Pirnaischer place in Dresden, 1896, neo-baroque, destroyed in 1945
  • Löbtau town hall , 1896–1898, destroyed
  • Design of a restoration building in the form of a Japanese-style rococo pavilion for the German Art Exhibition in Dresden in 1897
  • Hotel Ratskeller in Schwarzenberg (reconstruction of the burned down town hall, 1906)
  • Draft for the portal to the arts and crafts department and large hall for the German Art Exhibition 1899
  • Weinsalon Stadt Gotha in Dresden- Altstadt , Schloßstraße 11, 1900, destroyed
  • Sächsische Handelsbank , Ringstrasse 10/12, Dresden-Altstadt, 1900
  • Max Thürmer coffee shop in Victoriahaus , Waisenhausstrasse, Dresden-Altstadt, 1901, destroyed
  • Wettin fountain in Waldheim (Saxony), 1902–1903
  • AOK administration building on Sternplatz in Dresden, Wilsdruffer Vorstadt , 1912–1913
  • Consecration hall, morgue, gardener's house and gate system at the St. Pauli cemetery in Dresden, 1909
  • Exhibition stand for Rother'sche Kunstziegeleien GmbH / ceramic art workshops Richard Mutz & Rother GmbH from Liegnitz (Lower Silesia) at the II. German clay, cement and lime industry exhibition in Berlin-Baumschulenweg
  • Kurzentrum Bad Gottleuba , 1909–1913, 34 Art Nouveau buildings
  • some buildings of the Lahmann sanatorium in Dresden-Weißer Hirsch, 1912
  • Dyeing and sorting building of the worsted spinning mill in Leipzig, Dr.-Kurt-Fischer-Strasse 31, 1934–1936, demolished in 2007

literature

  • Schilling and Graebner, Architects BDA, Dresden. A selection. Buildings from 1918–1928. Maximilian Maul, Berlin 1928.
  • Ricarda Kube: Schilling and Graebner (1889–1917). The work of a Dresden architectural firm. unpublished dissertation, Technical University Dresden 1988. (2 volumes)
  • Volker Helas (arrangement): City of Radebeul . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, Large District Town Radebeul (=  Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Saxony ). SAX-Verlag, Beucha 2007, ISBN 978-3-86729-004-3 .
  • association for monument preservation and new building radebeul (ed.): Contributions to the urban culture of the city of Radebeul. (1997 ff.)
    - especially the article Die Villenkolonie am Altfriedstein by Tobias Michael Wolf, 2006.
  • Tobias Michael Wolf: The Altfriedstein villa colony in Niederlößnitz / Radebeul. Work by the Dresden architects Schilling & Graebner. (Master's thesis, Technical University of Dresden, 2005) VDM Verlag Dr. Müller , Saarbrücken 2008. ( Book-on-Demand )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Historical register of architects (Graaf - Grazianski)
  2. ↑ a b c Hans-Holger Malcomeß : The development of the Protestant church building of the Dresden architecture firm Schilling and Graebner between 1889 and 1917. (PDF; 947 kB) (No longer available online.) September 30, 2001, archived from the original on February 22 2016 ; accessed on January 11, 2016 (student term paper in the 2001 summer semester in the advanced seminar on art history: “German Church Buildings in the 20th Century”). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.malcomess.com
  3. ↑ a b c Ricarda Kube: Schilling and Graebner (1889–1917). The work of a Dresden architectural firm. unpublished dissertation , Dresden 1988.
  4. ^ The GEWOG buildings by the architect Hans Waloschek: Rudolf Schilling (1859–1933) and Julius Gräbner (1858–1917) ( Memento from February 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ^ Pieschen , dresdner-stadtteile.de
  6. ↑ Schilling & Graebner: Villa Muttersegen, Dresden-Blasewitz , in the architecture museum of the Technical University of Berlin
  7. ↑ Kaiserpalast , Stadtwiki Dresden
  8. ↑ a b Short (building) history of the town church St. Petri , Ev.-Luth. Parish of St. Petri Augustusburg (Ore Mountains)
  9. ^ Gary L. Catchen, Julian M. Catchen: Kreuzkirche (Dresden), in: Deutschlands Architektur .
  10. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Haupt: My Childhood and Adolescence - Dresden Strehlen ( Memento of the original from January 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hjhaupt.de
  11. ^ Fritz Löffler : The old Dresden. Leipzig 1981.
  12. ↑ Wolfgang Made: The Zionskirche . In: State Capital Dresden, Office for Culture and Monument Protection (Ed.): Lost Churches. Dresden's destroyed churches. Documentation since 1938 . Dresden 2018, p. 81 (80–83) ( online edition. PDF; 6.4 MB).
  13. ↑ Trachau housing estate: Flat roofs versus pitched roofs , das-neue-dresden.de
  14. ↑ Video of the demolition of the industrial hall at Leipzig Zoo on YouTube
  15. ↑ Schilling, Rudolf , photo of the villa in Blasewitz (Dresden), Goetheallee 24 by Wolfgang Nützenadel (1987) in the Deutsche Fotothek
  16. ↑ Goetheallee , dresdner-stadtteile.de
  17. ^ Streets and squares in Löbtau: Hermsdorfer Straße , dresdner-stadtteile.de
  18. ↑ Ulrich Hübner, Ulrike Grötzsch et al. (Ed.): Symbol and Truthfulness. Reform architecture in Dresden. Husum 2005, ISBN 3-86530-068-5 , p. 21f. (there dated 1900, address given as Hochuferstraße 14 )
  19. ↑ To the church of Hohenfichte on www.hohenfichte.de
  20. ^ View of the Middle Langenau church
  21. ↑ Cornelia Reimann: The Christ Church in Dresden-Strehlen . Verlag der Kunst Dresden, 2007, ISBN 978-3-86530-078-2 ( short summary in the webshop of the Husum publishing group ).
  22. ↑ Luther Church. In: Kultour Z. Retrieved January 10, 2014 .
  23. ↑ Bernd Frauenlob: Ev.-Luth. Jakobi-Johannis-Gemeinde , kirche-chemnitz.de
  24. ^ Photo of the Zionskirche in Dresden in the large diary of the Institute for Art History and Archeologies of Europe at the Martin Luther University in Halle-Wittenberg
  25. ^ Ernst Kühn : Rural Buildings . Göschen , Berlin / Leipzig 1915. Volume 1: Cult and community buildings , pp. 20–31.
  26. ^ Ernst Kühn: Rural Buildings . Göschen, Berlin / Leipzig 1915. Volume 1: Cult and Community Buildings , pp. 11-18.
  27. ^ A b c M. Wörner, G. Lupfer, J. Paul, B. Sterra: Architekturführer Dresden. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin 1997.
  28. ^ Dresden-Trachau settlement. In: arch INFORM ; Retrieved December 14, 2009.
  29. ↑ Watercolors show Pieschener views. In: dresden.de. May 7, 2004, accessed February 9, 2017 .
  30. ^ Löbtau , dresdner-stadtteile.de
  31. ↑ Volker Helas, Gudrun Peltz: Art Nouveau architecture in Dresden. Knop, Dresden 1999, ISBN 3-934363-00-8 .
  32. ↑ Wettin fountain. In: Waldheim in Saxony. Retrieved January 11, 2016 .
  33. ↑ Development between Budapester Strasse and Sternplatz with the AOK administration building (formerly the General Local Health Insurance Fund; 1912–1913; R. Schilling, JW Gräbner) and the cabaret building "Herkules-Keule" (1963–1965; H. Schneider, T. Jendrossek) , Aerial photo by Herbert Boswank (1996) in the Deutsche Fotothek
  34. ^ Ulrich Bücholdt: II. Clay, Cement and Lime Industry Exhibition Berlin 1910. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 10, 2014 ; accessed on January 10, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kmkbuecholdt.de
  35. ↑ The Medical History Collections , Historical Collections in the Bad Gottleuba Health Park e. V.