Striking technique (stone artifact production)

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In the Stone Age , various striking techniques were used to produce suitable stone artifacts . A distinction is mainly made between direct hard and direct soft hit, there is also the printing technique, punch technique and the pierre tendre. Today, experimental archeology is particularly concerned with these striking techniques.

Direct hard hit

Hammer stones are used for direct hard hits . The hardness, size and shape of the stone depend on the target product. Particularly hard striking stones are flint stones and quartzite , while softer striking stones are sandstone and limestone . They should not be much larger than the core to be processed . Round, oval and lens-shaped striking stones, such as, for. B. Boulders .

The haircuts on a hard direct hit are usually wide, have a pronounced eyeball , a punch scar , often irregular hitting surface remnants and often strongly pronounced impact waves (also called wave rings or Wallner lines ).

Direct soft blow

In the case of a direct soft strike, an antler mallet is used as the percussion instrument, i.e. a discarded antler rod , the rose of which forms the striking surface . The hardness and size of the percussion instrument also depend on the target product.

Typical features are an often weak eyeball and a lip at the transition from the ventral surface to the rest of the face. Sometimes the artifacts also have an impact scar, which, however, is on the uppermost edge of the ventral surface and whose Wallner lines point in the same direction as those of the ventral surface. Usually they do not have a Hertzian cone or one that is less pronounced.

Printing technology

This is not done with a percussion instrument and slammed, but a push rod, z. B. an antler rungs or the like, placed directly on the material and then pressed down.

Punch technique (spacer technique)

The punch technique is a mixture of hard direct hit and pressure technique. Two tools are used in the punching technique. On the one hand, an intermediate piece from z. B. antlers or bones, which is attached to the core like a chisel , and on the other hand a striking stone with which the intermediate piece is hewn. This makes it possible to work more precisely than with a direct soft blow.

Pierre tendre

Pierre tendre is also executed by a direct hit, but with a soft stone, which is why it is actually counted as a direct hard hit. The typical characteristics of the Pierre tendre, however, are similar to those of the direct soft hit.

  • Direct hard hit or Pierre tendre

  • Direct soft blow

  • Printing technology

  • Punching technique

literature

  • Harald Floss (Ed.): Stone artifacts from the Old Palaeolithic to the modern age. 2nd Edition. Kerns, Tübingen 2013, ISBN 978-3-935751-16-2 , pp. 133-136.
  • Mara-Julia Weber: From technology to tradition - re-evaluating the Hamburgian-Magdalenian relationship (= studies and materials on the Stone Age in Schleswig-Holstein and the Baltic Sea region. 5). Wachholtz, Neumünster 2012, ISBN 978-3-529-01857-2 (Simultaneously: Tübingen, Universität, Dissertation, 2010, under the title: Technological approach to lithic assemblages of the Hamburgian as a means of re-evaluating in relationship with the Magdalenian . ).
  • Luc Moreau: Geißenklösterle. The Gravettia of the Swabian Alb in a European context. Kerns, Tübingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-935751-11-7 (also: Tübingen, University, dissertation, 2009).
  • Harald Floss, Thomas Terberger : The stone artifacts of the Magdalenian of Andernach. The excavations 1979–1983 (= Tübingen works on prehistory. 1). Leidorf, Rahden (Westphalia) 2002, ISBN 3-89646-851-8 .
  • Are Tsirk: On flintknapping. Presentations at Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia, March 1997.
  • Marie-Louise Inizan, Hélène Roche, Jacques Tixier: Technology of knapped stone. Followed by a multilingual vocabulary Arabic, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Russian, Spanish (= Préhistoire de la pierre taillée. 3). CREP, Meudon 1992, ISBN 2-903516-03-0 .
  • Joachim Hahn : Recognition and determination of stone and bone artifacts. Introduction to artifact morphology (= Archaeologica venatoria. 10). Institute for Prehistory and others, Tübingen 1991, ISBN 3-921618-31-2 .
  • Sönke Hartz: New late Paleolithic sites near Ahrenshöft, North Friesland district. In: Offa . Vol. 44, 1987, pp. 5-52.
  • Jürgen Weiner: From the raw material to the device. - On the technique of working flint. In: Gerd Weisgerber , Rainer Slotta , Jürgen Weiner: 5000 years of flint mining. - The search for the steel of the Stone Age (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum. 22). Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, Bochum 1980, ISBN 3-921533-20-1 , pp. 216-227.