Harbke Castle
The Harbke Castle is on the site of a medieval round castle incurred manor in Saxony-Anhalt community Harbke , which is now only as a ruin. The castle and its predecessor were built by the Veltheim family in the 14th century. The property remained in the family until it was expropriated after the Second World War .
history
In 1308 the manorial power over the place Harbke passed to Bertram and Ludolf von Veltheim. They then built the “Hertbike” moated castle in a water-rich depression on the outskirts, which was protected by a double water and ditch system. In 1415 Dietrich von Quitzow , who had been ousted from the Mark Brandenburg by the new Hohenzollern sovereign Friedrich I , came to Harbke Castle, where his sister Mathilde lived. Quitzow died here on February 14, 1417 and was then buried in the nearby Marienborn convent. Between 1572 and 1586 a palace complex in the style of the Renaissance was built by Achaz von Veltheim on the foundations of this round castle . The new palace was characterized by two three-storey wing structures at an angle to each other, which are connected by a polygonal stair tower with a pointed roof in the southeastern palace area. The coat of arms of the Veltheim family and von Saldern , from which the wife came, still adorns the remains of the castle facade.
On October 26, 1731, the building was significantly destroyed by fire, except for the main building of the palace, so that from 1733 major restoration work had to be initiated on the farm buildings. Extensive renovations were carried out between 1751 and 1759 by the ducal master builder of the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, Martin Peltier de Belfort . The north-western part of the courtyard was closed in the Baroque style and an oval pool was created in the inner courtyard . From that time on there was a closed four-wing system.
From 1740, under Friedrich August von Veltheim, the palace gardens were redesigned into a baroque garden, which was supplemented with sculptures and a niche wall, the so-called "Chinese Wall". The botanist Johann Philipp Du Roi worked on the property for several years and in 1771 published his important dendrological treatise under the title " Harbkesche wilde Baumzucht " . This scientific work moved u. a. the poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, interested in botanical science, accompanied by the Helmstedt university professor and Veltheim family doctor Gottfried Christoph Beireis on a visit to the castle for several days in August 1805.
In 1825 a neo-Gothic library building was added to the palace ensemble .
At the end of the Second World War and after the invasion of the Red Army , the last owner of the castle, Karin von Veltheim, was expropriated. This ended a 637 year long manorial rule of the Veltheims in Harbke. Until 1854, the Aderstedt estate and the Groppendorf estate also belonged to Harbke .
During the GDR era , the castle was used as a children's home until 1955 and then stood empty. The adjacent farm buildings were used by an agricultural production cooperative (LPG). The main building of the castle was, however, badly neglected, so that it increasingly fell into disrepair and is now only preserved as a ruin.
Castle Park
The park adjacent to the palace was laid out in the 18th century by Friedrich August von Veltheim with baroque elements. The ginkgo tree , planted in 1758, is one of the oldest in Germany. The first conversion measures to an English landscape garden began as early as 1760 by the gardener Daniel August Schwarzkopf, who had got to know this design form during a trip to England. This garden redesign was essentially completed in 1803 by Rüttger von Veltheim. Particular attention was paid to the cultivation of foreign tree species. At that time, Harbke developed into Germany's most important plant supplier. The park used to be home to around 300 rare wood species, of which around 100 are still present in the park.
The "Lustwald" was created as an extension of the castle park in the middle of the 18th century and was supposed to combine elements of economic use by forestry and garden art. In this pleasure forest, mostly foreign trees were planted. According to the origin of the plants, the areas of this forest u. a. Called “Florida”, “Lebanon” or “Ukraine”.
In the park there is still a baroque niche wall from 1745, the so-called "Chinese Wall", with a representation of the Pomona .
The Protestant parish and castle church St. Levin is located in the south-western park area and was built in 1572 on the wall of the castle complex as a castle church and as a replacement for the previous Romanesque building. Like the castle, the church was owned by the Veltheims until 1945 and also served as the family's crypt church. The church building only received a square west transverse tower with a curved dome in 1719. On the church facade there is a wooden sundial from 1640. The church has a late baroque organ by Christoph Treutmann from 1727/28, the pipework of which is partly from the pre-organ by Gottfried Fritzsche from 1621/22. The church and the organ have been completely renovated in the last few years and are now available again for church community life.
In the years 1830/31 an orangery in neo-Gothic style was built on the site of an old greenhouse . The park's orangery building was built in the shape of an implied cross and was designed for the cultivation of tropical plants. The three large rooms of the orangery could be heated differently. The gable ends of the roof are decorated with four large Gothic tulips. The coat of arms of the von Bülow family , from which the wife Friederike of the builder Röttger von Veltheim came from, was placed above the entrance portal . The building has been extensively renovated in recent years and is now home to a café in the summer months.
The castle park is part of the Garden Dreams Saxony-Anhalt project .
Orangery
St. Levin Church with Ginkgo Tree (right)
"Great Wall of China" with Pomona sculpture
Ginkgo tree from 1758
Pomona (Roman goddess of tree fruits)
literature
- Marcus Köhler: "When we are used to seeing a garden laid out in the wild ...": The early landscape gardens of Harbke and Schwöbber. In: Die Gartenkunst 5 (1/1993), pp. 101–125.
- Evangelical parish Harbke, parish Hötensleben (ed.): The Queen of St. Levin . The Fritzsche Treutmann organ at St. Levin in Harbke. [Festschrift]. Ziethen, Oschersleben 2008. ISBN 978-3-938380-73-4
- Ludwig Schumann: Garden Dreams Saxony-Anhalt: Between Harz, Elbe and Saale . L & H Verlag, Berlin 2009. ISBN 978-3-939629-10-8
- Johann Philipp Du Roi : Harbkesche Wilde Baumzucht partly North American and other foreign, partly native trees, bushes and shrub-like plants. Described according to the characteristics, cultivation, properties and use . [Reprint] Nabu Press 2010. ISBN 978-1-14-441291-1
Web links
- Harbker Castle and Castle Park on braunschweig-touren.de
- Harbke Castle in the Alexander Duncker Collection (PDF, 289 KiB)
- Harbke Castle and Castle Park at gartentraeume-sachsen-anhalt.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Feierabend.de: Harbke - a village on the former inner-German border
- ↑ History of Harbke Castle and Castle Park on gartentraeume-sachsen-anhalt.de
- ↑ Castle and park description on foerderverein-schloss-parchen.de ( Memento of the original dated December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Harbke on www.obere-aller.de
Coordinates: 52 ° 11 '28.2 " N , 11 ° 2' 50.9" E