Schmallenberg virus

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Schmallenberg virus
Virus de Schmallenger.jpg

Schmallenberg virus

Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Riboviria
Empire : Orthornavirae
Phylum : Negarnaviricota
Subphylum : Polyploviricotina
Class : Ellioviricetes
Order : Bunyavirales
Family : Peribunyaviridae
Genre : Orthobunyavirus
Type : Schmallenberg orthobunyavirus
Subspecies : Schmallenberg virus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : (-) ss RNA segmented
Baltimore : Group 5
Symmetry : helical
Cover : available
Scientific name
Akabane orthobunyavirus
Short name
SBV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 1133363
ICTV Taxon History: 201850126

The Schmallenberg virus ( SBV ) is a subspecies (subspecies) of viruses of the species (species) Schmallenberg orthobunyavirus in the genus (Latin genus) Orthobunyavirus of the family Peribunyaviridae from the order Bunyavirales . The exact taxonomic position relative to the Akabane virus (AKAV), species Akabane orthobunyavirus (AkObV) in the same genus has long been controversial, but was clarified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in 2016. The closest known relative is the Douglas virus (as of November 2018).

SBV was found in sick cattle in Germany in 2011. In Germany, infections with the Schmallenberg virus are subject to reporting under the Animal Health Act.

discovery

In November 2011, the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut announced that it was possible to isolate a virus related to the Akabane virus in sick cattle in Germany, which is known as Schmallenberg virus after the location of the first sample origin, Schmallenberg .

This isolate was found in a wave of illnesses in cattle in North Rhine-Westphalia, where, since summer 2011, there has been an increase in fever , milk decline and loss of appetite in around 80 animals. Shortly before, these symptoms were also shown in cattle in the Netherlands. It is unclear whether the virus was already circulating in Europe or whether it was newly registered. It is the first orthobunyavirus to be isolated from an animal disease in Europe .

In the following months there was an increase in malformed lambs in the Netherlands , Belgium and in Germany in the federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia , Lower Saxony and Hesse , in which the Schmallenberg virus could be detected in the brain . The type of malformations suggest an infection of the pregnant dams in summer or autumn 2011. As of March 23, 2012, the virus was detected in animals from 1,061 farms in Germany. Since March 30, 2012, there has been an obligation to register in Germany .

Carrier

As an intermediary Fly coming of the genus Culicoides from the family of midges , especially Culicoides obsoletus , Culicoides dewulfi and Culicoides pulicaris , considering where the pathogen was detected.

Systematics

Based on the sequence, there is also a relationship to isolates of the Aino virus (species Shuni orthobunyavirus ), Shamonda virus (species Shamonda orthobunyavirus ), Sathuperi virus and Douglas virus (both like Schmallenberg virus to the species Sathuperi orthobunyavirus ): Taxonomically, these viruses all belong to the genus Orthobunyavirus , serologically to the Simbu serogroup within this genus, albeit to different serocomplexes.

The systematics of the two above species is (as of November 2018) as follows:

(A) Phylogenetic relationship between Schmallenberg virus and the orthobunyaviruses of the Simbu, Bunyamwera and California serogroups. (B) Detection of the Schmallenberg virus genome in the blood of experimentally infected calves.
  • Sathuperi virus subspecies , en. Sathuperi virus (SATV)
  • Schmallenberg virus subspecies , en. Schmallenberg virus (SBV)
  • Douglas virus subspecies , en. Douglas virus (DOUV)

swell

  • PS Mellor, PD Kirkland: Akabane virus . In: Brian WJ Mahy, Marc H. van Regenmortel (Eds.): Encyclopedia of Virology , 3rd Edition, San Diego 2008, Volume 1, ISBN 978-0-12-373935-3 , pp. 76-80

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b ICTV: [ICTV Taxonomy history: Akabane orthobunyavirus ], EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  2. ↑ ICTV : Master Species List 2018b v2 , MSL # 34v, March 20129
  3. ↑ a b ICTV 2016 Master Species List # 31 with Acronyms (Excel XLSX) , on: ViralZone , Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)
  4. ↑ Annex to Section 1 of the Ordinance on Notifiable Animal Diseases (TKrMeldpflV) in the version published on February 11, 2011 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 252 ), last amended by Article 381 of the Ordinance of August 31, 2015 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1474 )
  5. ↑ Current information from the Friedrich Loeffler Institute on the Schmallenberg virus, as of February 2, 2012 ( Memento from January 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ FLI: "Schmallenberg Virus" Current information on the "Schmallenberg Virus" . March 23, 2012. Archived from the original on January 27, 2012. Retrieved on March 23, 2012.
  7. ↑ Federal Law Gazette 2012, Part I No. 15, April 5, 2012, Second Ordinance Amending the Ordinance on Notifiable Animal Diseases of March 30, 2012 ( BGBl. I p. 503 )
  8. ↑ Doctors newspaper: Mosquitoes apparently transmit Schmallenberg virus from March 16, 2012 , accessed on September 15, 2012
  9. ↑ New Orthobunya virus in cattle ( memento from August 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) - information from the Friedrich Loeffler Institute, January 10, 2012
  10. ↑ ICTV : Master Species List 2018a v1 , MSL including all taxa updates since the 2017 release. Fall 2018 (MSL # 33)

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